From a1ddc25b459a5ce8b75393d4aa0a364e7e16e144 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: EBADBEEF <errno@ebadf.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Aug 2023 15:02:02 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] output: expose output_apply_state() to header

- need a way to apply the work of commit without side-effects
- related to 8f67446cc736be1c10ff48e83dda3e98ae816dc2 and f042de3f516ec13fe9500b27a024330843941060
---
 include/types/wlr_output.h | 1 +
 types/output/output.c      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/types/wlr_output.h b/include/types/wlr_output.h
index d59b05f0b..7f9a716ae 100644
--- a/include/types/wlr_output.h
+++ b/include/types/wlr_output.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ void output_defer_present(struct wlr_output *output, struct wlr_output_event_pre
 bool output_prepare_commit(struct wlr_output *output, const struct wlr_output_state *state);
 void output_apply_commit(struct wlr_output *output, const struct wlr_output_state *state);
 void output_send_commit_event(struct wlr_output *output, const struct wlr_output_state *state);
+void output_apply_state(struct wlr_output *output, const struct wlr_output_state *state);
 
 void output_state_get_buffer_src_box(const struct wlr_output_state *state,
 	struct wlr_fbox *out);
diff --git a/types/output/output.c b/types/output/output.c
index 1fb0347a0..827f27691 100644
--- a/types/output/output.c
+++ b/types/output/output.c
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ void wlr_output_set_description(struct wlr_output *output, const char *desc) {
 	wl_signal_emit_mutable(&output->events.description, output);
 }
 
-static void output_apply_state(struct wlr_output *output,
+void output_apply_state(struct wlr_output *output,
 		const struct wlr_output_state *state) {
 	if (state->committed & WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_RENDER_FORMAT) {
 		output->render_format = state->render_format;

From cbf921ccbb7e3f6966e23a6ec2f1aecf3f328352 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: EBADBEEF <errno@ebadf.com>
Date: Tue, 30 May 2023 19:39:48 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] output: introduce wlr_output_group

An output group is an output implementation that contains one or more
separate outputs as children. The children can be grouped together to
turn into one big output (for a tiled display).

Updates:
- use upstream src_box/dst_box
- provide wlr_backend_impl, set features.timeline=true if all children
  have it
- fix output destroy (happens on vt switch) by properly removing output
  from group registry
- add output->impl->test because otherwise trying direct scan out can
  fail and stop updating the screen (scene_entry_try_direct_scanout)
- use wlr_output_finish() on destroy
- remove output->impl->get_buffer_caps (but keep the logic that
  buffer_caps is the intersection of all children)
---
 include/wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h |  63 +++
 types/meson.build                    |   1 +
 types/wlr_output_group.c             | 667 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 731 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h
 create mode 100644 types/wlr_output_group.c

diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4ca528e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef WLR_USE_UNSTABLE
+#error "Add -DWLR_USE_UNSTABLE to enable unstable wlroots features"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef WLR_TYPES_WLR_OUTPUT_GROUP_H
+#define WLR_TYPES_WLR_OUTPUT_GROUP_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output.h>
+#include <wlr/render/drm_format_set.h>
+#include <wlr/util/box.h>
+#include <wlr/backend.h>
+
+struct wlr_output_group_tile_info {
+	uint32_t group_id;
+	uint32_t is_single_monitor;
+	uint32_t num_h;
+	uint32_t num_v;
+	uint32_t h_loc;
+	uint32_t v_loc;
+	uint32_t h_size;
+	uint32_t v_size;
+};
+
+struct wlr_output_group_child {
+	struct wlr_output *output;
+	struct wlr_output_group *group;
+	struct wlr_fbox src_box;
+	struct wlr_box dst_box;
+	struct wlr_output_group_tile_info tile_info;
+	uint32_t index;
+	struct wlr_output_mode *tiled_mode;
+	struct wl_listener present;
+	struct wl_listener frame;
+	struct wl_listener needs_frame;
+	struct wl_listener output_destroy;
+	struct wl_list link;
+};
+
+struct wlr_output_group {
+	struct wlr_output output;
+	/* private data below */
+	int queued_frame_count;
+	int num_children;
+	struct wlr_output_mode *tiled_mode;
+	struct wl_list children; //wlr_output_group_child.link
+	struct wl_list mirrors; //wlr_output_group_child.link
+	struct wlr_drm_format_set cursor_formats;
+	struct wlr_drm_format_set primary_formats;
+	struct wl_event_source *ready;
+	struct wl_list link;
+	struct wlr_backend backend;
+	struct wlr_output_cursor_size *cursor_sizes;
+	size_t cursor_sizes_len;
+};
+
+struct wlr_output_group *wlr_output_group_create(void);
+struct wlr_output_group *wlr_output_group_match_tile(struct wlr_output_group_tile_info *tile_info);
+void wlr_output_group_add_tile(struct wlr_output_group *group, struct wlr_output *output,
+	struct wlr_output_group_tile_info *tile_info);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/types/meson.build b/types/meson.build
index 402fd3e11..595741727 100644
--- a/types/meson.build
+++ b/types/meson.build
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ wlr_files += files(
 	'wlr_linux_drm_syncobj_v1.c',
 	'wlr_output_layer.c',
 	'wlr_output_layout.c',
+	'wlr_output_group.c',
 	'wlr_output_management_v1.c',
 	'wlr_output_power_management_v1.c',
 	'wlr_output_swapchain_manager.c',
diff --git a/types/wlr_output_group.c b/types/wlr_output_group.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74ad9773a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/types/wlr_output_group.c
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <wayland-util.h>
+#include <wlr/backend/interface.h>
+#include <wlr/interfaces/wlr_output.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h>
+#include <wlr/util/log.h>
+#include <wlr/util/box.h>
+#include <wlr/util/transform.h>
+#include "backend/drm/drm.h"
+#include "render/drm_format_set.h"
+#include "types/wlr_output.h"
+
+static const struct wlr_output_impl output_impl;
+static const struct wlr_backend_impl backend_impl;
+static void output_group_child_destroy(struct wlr_output_group_child *child);
+static void output_group_state_change(void *data);
+
+// A global registry for output groups.
+static struct wl_list priv_registry;
+static struct wl_list *registry = NULL;
+
+static bool backend_is_group(struct wlr_backend *b) {
+	return (b->impl == &backend_impl);
+}
+
+static struct wlr_output_group *group_from_output(struct wlr_output *output) {
+	assert(output->impl == &output_impl);
+	return (struct wlr_output_group *)output;
+}
+
+static struct wlr_output_group *group_from_backend(struct wlr_backend *wlr_backend) {
+	assert(backend_is_group(wlr_backend));
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = wl_container_of(wlr_backend, group, backend);
+	return group;
+}
+
+static int backend_get_drm_fd(struct wlr_backend *backend) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_backend(backend);
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *primary =
+		wl_container_of(group->children.next, primary, link);
+	struct wlr_backend *child_backend = primary->output->backend;
+	if (child_backend->impl->get_drm_fd)
+		return child_backend->impl->get_drm_fd(child_backend);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void handle_present(struct wl_listener *listener, void *user_data) {
+	struct wlr_output_event_present *event = (struct wlr_output_event_present *) user_data;
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child = wl_container_of(listener, child, present);
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = child->group;
+	if (group->queued_frame_count > 0) {
+		group->queued_frame_count -= 1;
+	}
+	if (group->queued_frame_count == 0) {
+		wlr_output_send_present(&group->output, event);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_frame(struct wl_listener *listener, void *user_data) {
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child = wl_container_of(listener, child, frame);
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = child->group;
+	/* present happens before frame so trust that backend already did present */
+	if (group->queued_frame_count == 0) {
+		wl_signal_emit_mutable(&group->output.events.frame, &group->output);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_needs_frame(struct wl_listener *listener, void *user_data) {
+	struct wlr_output *output = (struct wlr_output *) user_data;
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child = wl_container_of(listener, child, needs_frame);
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = child->group;
+	/* if any output raises needs_frame, re-raise it */
+	output->needs_frame = false;
+	wlr_output_update_needs_frame(&group->output);
+}
+
+static void handle_output_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *user_data) {
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child = wl_container_of(listener, child, output_destroy);
+	output_group_child_destroy(child);
+}
+
+struct wlr_output_group_mode {
+	struct wlr_output_mode mode;
+	struct wlr_output_mode *original_mode;
+};
+
+#define GROUP_PREFIX "GROUP-"
+static bool clone_output(struct wlr_output_group *group, struct wlr_output *src_output,
+	struct wlr_output_group_tile_info *tile_info) {
+	struct wlr_output *dst_output = &group->output;
+
+	size_t new_name_len = sizeof(GROUP_PREFIX) + strlen(src_output->name);
+	char *new_name = malloc(new_name_len);
+	if (!new_name)
+		return false;
+	snprintf(new_name, new_name_len, "%s%s", GROUP_PREFIX, src_output->name);
+
+	wlr_output_init(dst_output, &group->backend, &output_impl, src_output->event_loop, NULL);
+	wlr_output_set_description(dst_output, src_output->description);
+	dst_output->name = new_name;
+	dst_output->make = strdup(src_output->make);
+	dst_output->model = strdup(src_output->model);
+	dst_output->serial = strdup(src_output->serial);
+	dst_output->phys_width = src_output->phys_width;
+	dst_output->phys_height = src_output->phys_height;
+	dst_output->current_mode = src_output->current_mode;
+	dst_output->width = src_output->width;
+	dst_output->height = src_output->height;
+	dst_output->refresh = src_output->refresh;
+	dst_output->enabled = src_output->enabled;
+	dst_output->scale = src_output->scale;
+	dst_output->subpixel = src_output->subpixel;
+	dst_output->transform = src_output->transform;
+	dst_output->adaptive_sync_status = src_output->adaptive_sync_status;
+
+	/* Clone all child modes while but keep references to the original. This is
+	 * needed because the drm backend uses its own mode container
+	 * (wlr_drm_mode) to link a wlr_mode to a drmModeModeInfo. */
+	struct wlr_output_mode *mode;
+	wl_list_for_each_reverse(mode, &src_output->modes, link) {
+		struct wlr_output_group_mode *group_mode = calloc(1, sizeof(*group_mode));
+		memcpy(&group_mode->mode, mode, sizeof(*mode));
+		group_mode->original_mode = mode;
+		wl_list_insert(&dst_output->modes, &group_mode->mode.link);
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+struct wlr_output_group *wlr_output_group_match_tile(struct wlr_output_group_tile_info *tile_info) {
+	if (!registry) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	struct wlr_output_group *group;
+	wl_list_for_each(group, registry, link) {
+		struct wlr_output_group_child *child = wl_container_of(group->children.next, child, link);
+		if (child->tile_info.group_id == tile_info->group_id) {
+			return group;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void wlr_output_group_add_tile(struct wlr_output_group *group, struct wlr_output *output,
+	struct wlr_output_group_tile_info *tile_info) {
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child = calloc(1, sizeof(*child));
+	assert(tile_info->group_id != 0);
+	child->output = output;
+
+	child->output_destroy.notify = handle_output_destroy;
+	wl_signal_add(&output->events.destroy, &child->output_destroy);
+	child->frame.notify = handle_frame;
+	wl_signal_add(&output->events.frame, &child->frame);
+
+	child->present.notify = handle_present;
+	wl_signal_add(&output->events.present, &child->present);
+	child->needs_frame.notify = handle_needs_frame;
+	wl_signal_add(&output->events.needs_frame, &child->needs_frame);
+
+	child->group = group;
+	child->tile_info = *tile_info;
+
+	/* index is like array v,h:
+	 * #1 [0,0], #2 [0,1], #3 [0,2],
+	 * #4 [1,0], #5 [1,1], #6 [1,2],
+	 * #7 [2,0], #8 [2,1], #9 [2,2],
+	 */
+	child->index = (tile_info->v_loc * tile_info->num_h) + tile_info->h_loc;
+
+	/* sorted insert to keep children in order for calculating tiled mode */
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *cur;
+	wl_list_for_each(cur, &group->children, link) {
+		if (child->index < cur->index) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	wl_list_insert(cur->link.prev, &child->link);
+
+	if (child->output->backend->features.timeline == false) {
+		group->backend.features.timeline = false;
+	}
+
+	group->backend.buffer_caps &= child->output->backend->buffer_caps;
+
+	if (group->ready == NULL) {
+		group->ready = wl_event_loop_add_idle(child->output->event_loop,
+		    output_group_state_change, group);
+	}
+}
+
+struct wlr_output_group *wlr_output_group_create(void) {
+	if (registry == NULL) {
+		wl_list_init(&priv_registry);
+		registry = &priv_registry;
+	}
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = calloc(1, sizeof(*group));
+	wl_list_insert(registry, &group->link);
+	wl_list_init(&group->children);
+	wlr_backend_init(&group->backend, &backend_impl);
+	group->backend.features.timeline = true;
+	group->backend.buffer_caps = ~0;
+	return group;
+}
+
+static void output_group_destroy(struct wlr_output *output) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(output);
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child,*child_tmp;
+	wlr_output_finish(output);
+	wl_list_for_each_safe(child, child_tmp, &group->children, link) {
+		output_group_child_destroy(child);
+	}
+	struct wlr_output_group_mode *mode, *mode_tmp;
+	wl_list_for_each_safe(mode, mode_tmp, &group->output.modes, mode.link) {
+		wl_list_remove(&mode->mode.link);
+		free(mode);
+	}
+	if (group->ready != NULL) {
+		wl_event_source_remove(group->ready);
+	}
+	free(group->cursor_sizes);
+	wl_list_remove(&group->link);
+	free(group);
+}
+
+static void output_group_child_destroy(struct wlr_output_group_child *child) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = child->group;
+	wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "removing child %s from group %s",
+		child->output->name, group->output.name);
+	wl_list_remove(&child->present.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&child->needs_frame.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&child->frame.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&child->output_destroy.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&child->link);
+	/* Schedule a group state change event. When all children are removed, the
+	 * output will be destroyed. */
+	if (group->ready == NULL) {
+		group->ready = wl_event_loop_add_idle(child->output->event_loop,
+		    output_group_state_change, group);
+	}
+	free(child);
+}
+
+static bool output_group_commit_helper(struct wlr_output *parent, const struct wlr_output_state *state, bool test) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(parent);
+	bool ret = false;
+	bool failed = false;
+	bool in_tiled_mode = false;
+
+	if(state->committed & WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_MODE) {
+		if (state->mode == group->tiled_mode) {
+			in_tiled_mode = true;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (parent->current_mode == group->tiled_mode) {
+			in_tiled_mode = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* TODO: it is probably possible to figure out crop/scaling for children */
+	if (state->committed & WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_BUFFER) {
+		if (state->buffer_dst_box.x != 0 || state->buffer_dst_box.y != 0 ||
+		    state->buffer_src_box.x != 0.0 || state->buffer_src_box.y != 0.0) {
+			wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "crop/scaling not implemented in output group");
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	bool single_output_enabled = false;
+	int frame_count = 0;
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		struct wlr_output *output = child->output;
+		struct wlr_output_state state_copy = *state;
+		struct wlr_output_state *pending = &state_copy;
+
+		/* commit_seq important for presentation feedback! */
+		output->commit_seq = parent->commit_seq;
+
+		if (in_tiled_mode) {
+			frame_count += 1;
+			pending->buffer_src_box = child->src_box;
+			pending->buffer_dst_box = child->dst_box;
+			pending->mode = child->tiled_mode;
+			if (output->enabled == false && !(pending->committed & WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_ENABLED)) {
+				pending->committed |= WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_ENABLED;
+				pending->enabled = true;
+			}
+		} else {
+			frame_count = 1;
+			if (output->enabled == true || (pending->committed & WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_ENABLED && pending->enabled == true)) {
+				if (single_output_enabled == false) {
+					/* first child gets turned on */
+					if ((pending->committed & WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_MODE) && (pending->mode_type == WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_MODE_FIXED)) {
+						struct wlr_output_group_mode *group_mode = wl_container_of(pending->mode, group_mode, mode);
+						pending->mode = group_mode->original_mode;
+					}
+					single_output_enabled = true;
+				} else {
+					/* rest of the children get forced off */
+					pending->committed = WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_ENABLED;
+					pending->enabled = false;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (output->enabled == false && !(pending->committed & WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_ENABLED)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* The parent group output is going through wlr_output_commit_state()
+		 * and managing state. Skip directly to the children output
+		 * implementation commit. */
+
+		if (test) {
+			if (output->impl->test) {
+				if (false == output->impl->test(output, pending)) {
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			ret = output->impl->commit(output, pending);
+			if(ret == false) {
+				failed = true;
+				wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "commit failed on %s", output->name);
+			}
+			if (!failed) {
+				output_apply_state(output, pending);
+				if (output->frame_pending) {
+					parent->frame_pending = true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (test) {
+		return true;
+	} else if (failed) {
+		/* Do not present any frame where any children failed */
+		group->queued_frame_count = -1;
+	} else {
+		/* Synchronize all children outputs to prevent tearing. Make
+		 * sure we get all the children frame/present events before
+		 * forwarding that to the group output. */
+		group->queued_frame_count = frame_count;
+	}
+
+	return !failed;
+}
+
+static bool output_group_commit(struct wlr_output *parent, const struct wlr_output_state *state) {
+	return output_group_commit_helper(parent, state, false);
+}
+
+static bool output_group_test(struct wlr_output *parent, const struct wlr_output_state *state) {
+	return output_group_commit_helper(parent, state, true);
+}
+
+static size_t output_group_get_gamma_size(struct wlr_output *output) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(output);
+	size_t gamma_size = 0;
+	size_t tmp_gamma_size = 0;
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		if (child->output->impl->get_gamma_size) {
+			tmp_gamma_size = child->output->impl->get_gamma_size(child->output);
+		}
+		if (gamma_size == 0) {
+			gamma_size = tmp_gamma_size;
+		}
+		if (tmp_gamma_size == 0 || tmp_gamma_size != gamma_size) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return gamma_size;
+}
+
+static bool output_group_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
+		struct wlr_buffer *buffer, int hotspot_x, int hotspot_y) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(output);
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		if (child->output->enabled) {
+			child->output->impl->set_cursor(child->output, buffer, hotspot_x, hotspot_y);
+		}
+	};
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool output_group_move_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
+		int x, int y) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(output);
+	struct wlr_output *parent = &group->output;
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	/* copied from backend/drm.c ;-) */
+	struct wlr_box box = { .x = x, .y = y };
+	int width, height;
+	enum wl_output_transform transform = wlr_output_transform_invert(parent->transform);
+	wlr_output_transformed_resolution(output, &width, &height);
+	wlr_box_transform(&box, &box, transform, width, height);
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		if (child->output->enabled) {
+			child->output->impl->move_cursor(child->output, box.x - child->src_box.x, box.y - child->src_box.y);
+		}
+	};
+	return true;
+}
+
+static const struct wlr_output_cursor_size *output_group_get_cursor_sizes(struct wlr_output *output, size_t *len) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(output);
+	*len = group->cursor_sizes_len;
+	return group->cursor_sizes;
+}
+
+static const struct wlr_drm_format_set *output_group_get_cursor_formats(
+		struct wlr_output *output, uint32_t buffer_caps) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(output);
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	bool first = true;
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		if (!child->output->impl->get_cursor_formats) {
+			wlr_drm_format_set_finish(&group->cursor_formats);
+			break;
+		}
+		const struct wlr_drm_format_set *set =
+			child->output->impl->get_cursor_formats(child->output, buffer_caps);
+		if (first) {
+			wlr_drm_format_set_copy(&group->cursor_formats, set);
+			first = false;
+		} else {
+			wlr_drm_format_set_intersect(&group->cursor_formats, &group->cursor_formats, set);
+		}
+	}
+	return &group->cursor_formats;
+}
+
+static const struct wlr_drm_format_set *output_group_get_primary_formats(
+		struct wlr_output *output, uint32_t buffer_caps) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = group_from_output(output);
+	bool first = true;
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		if (!child->output->impl->get_primary_formats) {
+			wlr_drm_format_set_finish(&group->primary_formats);
+			break;
+		}
+		const struct wlr_drm_format_set *set =
+			child->output->impl->get_primary_formats(child->output, buffer_caps);
+		if (first) {
+			wlr_drm_format_set_copy(&group->primary_formats, set);
+			first = false;
+		} else {
+			wlr_drm_format_set_intersect(&group->primary_formats, &group->primary_formats, set);
+		}
+	}
+	return &group->primary_formats;
+}
+
+static void calculate_and_allocate_tiled_mode(struct wlr_output_group *group) {
+	struct wlr_output_group_mode *group_mode = calloc(1, sizeof(*group_mode));
+	uint32_t x_start = 0, y_start = 0;
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		struct wlr_output_group_tile_info *tile_info = &child->tile_info;
+
+		/* this depends on iterating through the children in tile index order and
+		 * assumes the dimensions work */
+		if (tile_info->v_loc == 0) {
+			group_mode->mode.width += tile_info->h_size;
+		}
+		if (tile_info->h_loc == 0) {
+			group_mode->mode.height += tile_info->v_size;
+		}
+
+		/* Generate the crop for this specific tile. The source buffer is shared
+		 * between all tiles and each child output takes a subset of the shared
+		 * buffer. */
+		child->src_box.x = x_start;
+		child->src_box.y = y_start;
+		child->src_box.width = tile_info->h_size;
+		child->src_box.height = tile_info->v_size;
+
+		child->dst_box.x = 0;
+		child->dst_box.y = 0;
+		child->dst_box.width = tile_info->h_size;
+		child->dst_box.height = tile_info->v_size;
+
+		if (tile_info->h_loc == (tile_info->num_h-1)) {
+			x_start = 0;
+			y_start += tile_info->v_size;
+		} else {
+			x_start += tile_info->h_size;
+		}
+
+		struct wlr_output_mode *mode;
+		wl_list_for_each(mode, &child->output->modes, link) {
+			if (mode->width == (int32_t)tile_info->h_size && mode->height == (int32_t)tile_info->v_size) {
+				child->tiled_mode = mode;
+				if ((group_mode->mode.refresh == 0) || (mode->refresh < group_mode->mode.refresh)) {
+					/* slowest refresh wins */
+					group_mode->mode.refresh = mode->refresh;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	//TODO: set aspect ratio?
+	group_mode->mode.picture_aspect_ratio = WLR_OUTPUT_MODE_ASPECT_RATIO_NONE;
+	group_mode->mode.preferred = true;
+	group->tiled_mode = &group_mode->mode;
+	wl_list_insert(&group->output.modes, &group_mode->mode.link);
+}
+
+static bool is_cursor_size_in_all_children(struct wlr_output_group *group, struct wlr_output_group_child *myself, const struct wlr_output_cursor_size *size) {
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		size_t len = 0;
+		if (child == myself) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!child->output->impl->get_cursor_sizes) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const struct wlr_output_cursor_size *sizes = child->output->impl->get_cursor_sizes(child->output, &len);
+		bool found = false;
+		for (size_t i=0; i < len && found == false; ++i) {
+			if (sizes[i].width == size->width && sizes[i].height == size->height) {
+				found = true;
+			}
+		};
+		if (!found) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+static void allocate_cursor_sizes(struct wlr_output_group *group) {
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *child;
+	size_t cur_idx = 0;
+
+    /* Save the intersection of hardware cursor sizes. */
+	wl_list_for_each(child, &group->children, link) {
+		size_t len = 0;
+		if (!child->output->impl->get_cursor_sizes) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const struct wlr_output_cursor_size *sizes = child->output->impl->get_cursor_sizes(child->output, &len);
+		group->cursor_sizes = calloc(len, sizeof(struct wlr_output_cursor_size));
+		for (size_t i=0; i<len; ++i) {
+			if (is_cursor_size_in_all_children(group, child, &sizes[i])) {
+				group->cursor_sizes[cur_idx] = sizes[i];
+				cur_idx += 1;
+			}
+		}
+		group->cursor_sizes_len = cur_idx;
+
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void output_group_state_change(void *data) {
+	struct wlr_output_group *group = data;
+	int num_children = wl_list_length(&group->children);
+	bool need_init = false;
+	bool need_destroy = false;
+	if (group->num_children > 0) {
+		need_destroy = true;
+	}
+
+	if (num_children > 0) {
+		need_init = true;
+	}
+
+	if (need_destroy) {
+		struct wlr_output_group *old_group = group;
+		if (need_init) {
+			struct wlr_output_group *new_group = wlr_output_group_create();
+			struct wlr_output_group_child *child, *child_tmp;
+
+			/* prevent re-entering */
+			new_group->ready = old_group->ready;
+
+			/* disable old group */
+			const struct wlr_output_state pending = (struct wlr_output_state) {
+				.committed = WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_ENABLED,
+				.allow_reconfiguration = true,
+				.enabled = false,
+			};
+			wlr_output_commit_state(&old_group->output, &pending);
+
+			/* move children to new group */
+			wl_list_for_each_safe(child, child_tmp, &group->children, link) {
+				wlr_output_group_add_tile(new_group, child->output, &child->tile_info);
+				output_group_child_destroy(child);
+			}
+
+			/* old group will get free'd during output destroy */
+			group = new_group;
+		}
+
+		wlr_output_destroy(&old_group->output);
+	}
+
+	group->ready = NULL;
+	group->num_children = num_children;
+
+	if (!need_init) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* the first child is the primary */
+	struct wlr_output_group_child *primary =
+		wl_container_of(group->children.next, primary, link);
+
+	if (!clone_output(group, primary->output, &primary->tile_info))
+		return;
+
+	/* try to support a partial tiled array */
+	int num_children_needed;
+	if (!primary->tile_info.is_single_monitor) {
+		num_children_needed = (primary->tile_info.num_h * primary->tile_info.num_v);
+	} else {
+		num_children_needed = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (num_children >= num_children_needed) {
+		calculate_and_allocate_tiled_mode(group);
+	}
+	allocate_cursor_sizes(group);
+
+	wlr_log(WLR_INFO, "created output group %s (%dx%d mm)",
+		group->output.name, group->output.phys_width, group->output.phys_height);
+
+	struct wlr_output_mode *mode;
+	wl_list_for_each(mode, &group->output.modes, link) {
+		wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "  mode %dx%d@%d %s %s",
+			mode->width, mode->height, mode->refresh,
+			mode->preferred?"(preferred)":"",
+			(mode == group->tiled_mode)?"(tiled)":"");
+	}
+	wl_signal_emit_mutable(&primary->output->backend->events.new_output, &group->output);
+}
+
+static const struct wlr_output_impl output_impl = {
+	.destroy = output_group_destroy,
+	.test = output_group_test,
+	.commit = output_group_commit,
+	.get_gamma_size = output_group_get_gamma_size,
+	.set_cursor = output_group_set_cursor,
+	.move_cursor = output_group_move_cursor,
+	.get_cursor_formats = output_group_get_cursor_formats,
+	.get_cursor_sizes = output_group_get_cursor_sizes,
+	.get_primary_formats = output_group_get_primary_formats,
+};
+
+static const struct wlr_backend_impl backend_impl = {
+	.start = NULL,
+	.destroy = NULL,
+	.get_drm_fd = backend_get_drm_fd,
+	.test = NULL,
+	.commit = NULL,
+};

From 2a697512d7d0479a9a9a6616789024c3f7a11dba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: EBADBEEF <errno@ebadf.com>
Date: Tue, 30 May 2023 19:42:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] backend/drm: parse TILE property

---
 backend/drm/drm.c                |  7 ++++++
 backend/drm/properties.c         |  1 +
 backend/drm/util.c               | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/backend/drm/drm.h        |  3 +++
 include/backend/drm/properties.h |  1 +
 include/backend/drm/util.h       |  1 +
 6 files changed, 54 insertions(+)

diff --git a/backend/drm/drm.c b/backend/drm/drm.c
index 15cb181cf..8f2aad88b 100644
--- a/backend/drm/drm.c
+++ b/backend/drm/drm.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <wlr/interfaces/wlr_output.h>
 #include <wlr/render/drm_syncobj.h>
 #include <wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h>
 #include <wlr/util/box.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
 #include <wlr/util/transform.h>
@@ -1720,6 +1721,12 @@ static bool connect_drm_connector(struct wlr_drm_connector *wlr_conn,
 	parse_edid(wlr_conn, edid_len, edid);
 	free(edid);
 
+	size_t tile_len = 0;
+	uint8_t *tile = get_drm_prop_blob(drm->fd,
+		wlr_conn->id, wlr_conn->props.tile, &tile_len);
+	parse_tile(wlr_conn, tile_len, tile);
+	free(tile);
+
 	char *subconnector = NULL;
 	if (wlr_conn->props.subconnector) {
 		subconnector = get_drm_prop_enum(drm->fd,
diff --git a/backend/drm/properties.c b/backend/drm/properties.c
index 314023954..875f9fb4f 100644
--- a/backend/drm/properties.c
+++ b/backend/drm/properties.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ static const struct prop_info connector_info[] = {
 	{ "EDID", INDEX(edid) },
 	{ "HDR_OUTPUT_METADATA", INDEX(hdr_output_metadata) },
 	{ "PATH", INDEX(path) },
+	{ "TILE", INDEX(tile) },
 	{ "content type", INDEX(content_type) },
 	{ "link-status", INDEX(link_status) },
 	{ "max bpc", INDEX(max_bpc) },
diff --git a/backend/drm/util.c b/backend/drm/util.c
index dd2b37351..ccb562a99 100644
--- a/backend/drm/util.c
+++ b/backend/drm/util.c
@@ -97,6 +97,47 @@ void parse_edid(struct wlr_drm_connector *conn, size_t len, const uint8_t *data)
 	di_info_destroy(info);
 }
 
+void parse_tile(struct wlr_drm_connector *conn, size_t len, const uint8_t *data) {
+	struct wlr_output_group_tile_info *tile_info = &conn->tile_info;
+	memset(tile_info, 0, sizeof(*tile_info));
+	if (len == 0)
+		return;
+
+	// Reference:
+	// - include/linux/drm/drm_connector.h tile_blob_ptr
+	// - drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c drm_parse_tiled_block()
+	//
+	// Note: group_id is always > 0
+	int ret = sscanf((char*)data, "%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d",
+		&tile_info->group_id,
+		&tile_info->is_single_monitor,
+		&tile_info->num_h,
+		&tile_info->num_v,
+		&tile_info->h_loc,
+		&tile_info->v_loc,
+		&tile_info->h_size,
+		&tile_info->v_size);
+	if(ret != 8) {
+		wlr_log(WLR_ERROR, "Unable to understand tile information for "
+			"connector %s", conn->name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	wlr_log(WLR_INFO, "Connector '%s' TILE information: "
+		"group ID %d, single monitor %d, total %d horizontal tiles, "
+		"total %d vertical tiles, horizontal tile %d, vertical tile "
+		"%d, width %d, height %d",
+		conn->name,
+		tile_info->group_id,
+		tile_info->is_single_monitor,
+		tile_info->num_h,
+		tile_info->num_v,
+		tile_info->h_loc,
+		tile_info->v_loc,
+		tile_info->h_size,
+		tile_info->v_size);
+}
+
 const char *drm_connector_status_str(drmModeConnection status) {
 	switch (status) {
 	case DRM_MODE_CONNECTED:
diff --git a/include/backend/drm/drm.h b/include/backend/drm/drm.h
index af4231f54..7c829b5ca 100644
--- a/include/backend/drm/drm.h
+++ b/include/backend/drm/drm.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <wlr/backend/session.h>
 #include <wlr/render/drm_format_set.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layer.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_group.h>
 #include <xf86drmMode.h>
 #include "backend/drm/iface.h"
 #include "backend/drm/properties.h"
@@ -219,6 +220,8 @@ struct wlr_drm_connector {
 	uint32_t hdr_output_metadata;
 
 	int32_t refresh;
+
+	struct wlr_output_group_tile_info tile_info;
 };
 
 struct wlr_drm_backend *get_drm_backend_from_backend(
diff --git a/include/backend/drm/properties.h b/include/backend/drm/properties.h
index c02d655ba..c07d3268b 100644
--- a/include/backend/drm/properties.h
+++ b/include/backend/drm/properties.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ struct wlr_drm_connector_props {
 	uint32_t panel_orientation; // not guaranteed to exist
 	uint32_t content_type; // not guaranteed to exist
 	uint32_t max_bpc; // not guaranteed to exist
+	uint32_t tile; // not guaranteed to exist
 
 	// atomic-modesetting only
 
diff --git a/include/backend/drm/util.h b/include/backend/drm/util.h
index 9ba5f435e..95321cb2e 100644
--- a/include/backend/drm/util.h
+++ b/include/backend/drm/util.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ enum wlr_output_mode_aspect_ratio get_picture_aspect_ratio(const drmModeModeInfo
 const char *get_pnp_manufacturer(const char code[static 3]);
 // Populates the make/model/phys_{width,height} of output from the edid data
 void parse_edid(struct wlr_drm_connector *conn, size_t len, const uint8_t *data);
+void parse_tile(struct wlr_drm_connector *conn, size_t len, const uint8_t *data);
 const char *drm_connector_status_str(drmModeConnection status);
 void generate_cvt_mode(drmModeModeInfo *mode, int hdisplay, int vdisplay,
 	float vrefresh);

From e9124b8a9a4a10b95013b9a32f8c379f735a2e53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: EBADBEEF <errno@ebadf.com>
Date: Tue, 30 May 2023 19:43:16 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] backend/drm: automatically use wlr_output_group for tiled
 outputs

---
 backend/drm/drm.c | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/drm/drm.c b/backend/drm/drm.c
index 8f2aad88b..3cfd0f71a 100644
--- a/backend/drm/drm.c
+++ b/backend/drm/drm.c
@@ -1873,10 +1873,20 @@ void scan_drm_connectors(struct wlr_drm_backend *drm,
 
 	for (size_t i = 0; i < new_outputs_len; ++i) {
 		struct wlr_drm_connector *conn = new_outputs[i];
-
-		wlr_drm_conn_log(conn, WLR_INFO, "Requesting modeset");
-		wl_signal_emit_mutable(&drm->backend.events.new_output,
-			&conn->output);
+		if(conn->tile_info.group_id) {
+			struct wlr_output_group *group = wlr_output_group_match_tile(&conn->tile_info);
+			if (group) {
+				wlr_drm_conn_log(conn, WLR_INFO, "Adding %s to existing group", conn->name);
+			} else {
+				wlr_drm_conn_log(conn, WLR_INFO, "Creating output group for %s", conn->name);
+				group = wlr_output_group_create();
+			}
+			wlr_output_group_add_tile(group, &conn->output, &conn->tile_info);
+		} else {
+			wlr_drm_conn_log(conn, WLR_INFO, "Requesting modeset");
+			wl_signal_emit_mutable(&drm->backend.events.new_output,
+				&conn->output);
+		}
 	}
 }
 

From 879243e370de6167d2c49510396f937b1a93fab5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Turner <david.turner@raspberrypi.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 13:55:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] xwm: Fix double-close

When an FD is passed to xcb_connect_to_fd(), xcb takes ownership of that
FD and is responsible for closing it, which it does when
xcb_disconnect() is called.  But the xwayland handler code also keeps a
copy of the FD and closes it via safe_close() in
server_finish_process().

This double-close can cause all sorts of problems if another part of
wlroots allocates another FD between the two closes - the latter close
will close the wrong FD and things go horribly wrong (in my case leading
to use-after-free and segfaults).

Fix this by setting wm_fd[0]=-1 after calling xwm_create(), and ensuring
that xwm_create() closes the FD if startup errors occur.
---
 include/xwayland/xwm.h | 1 +
 xwayland/xwayland.c    | 3 +++
 xwayland/xwm.c         | 3 +++
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/xwayland/xwm.h b/include/xwayland/xwm.h
index e460bbb63..73f440d29 100644
--- a/include/xwayland/xwm.h
+++ b/include/xwayland/xwm.h
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ struct wlr_xwm {
 	struct wl_listener drop_focus_destroy;
 };
 
+// xwm_create takes ownership of wm_fd and will close it under all circumstances.
 struct wlr_xwm *xwm_create(struct wlr_xwayland *wlr_xwayland, int wm_fd);
 
 void xwm_destroy(struct wlr_xwm *xwm);
diff --git a/xwayland/xwayland.c b/xwayland/xwayland.c
index 5d51df074..3aa47bac2 100644
--- a/xwayland/xwayland.c
+++ b/xwayland/xwayland.c
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ static void handle_server_start(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 static void xwayland_mark_ready(struct wlr_xwayland *xwayland) {
 	assert(xwayland->server->wm_fd[0] >= 0);
 	xwayland->xwm = xwm_create(xwayland, xwayland->server->wm_fd[0]);
+	// xwm_create takes ownership of wm_fd[0] under all circumstances
+	xwayland->server->wm_fd[0] = -1;
+
 	if (!xwayland->xwm) {
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/xwayland/xwm.c b/xwayland/xwm.c
index a82e8b145..2bb4e4c64 100644
--- a/xwayland/xwm.c
+++ b/xwayland/xwm.c
@@ -2530,6 +2530,7 @@ void xwm_set_cursor(struct wlr_xwm *xwm, const uint8_t *pixels, uint32_t stride,
 struct wlr_xwm *xwm_create(struct wlr_xwayland *xwayland, int wm_fd) {
 	struct wlr_xwm *xwm = calloc(1, sizeof(*xwm));
 	if (xwm == NULL) {
+		close(wm_fd);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -2544,11 +2545,13 @@ struct wlr_xwm *xwm_create(struct wlr_xwayland *xwayland, int wm_fd) {
 
 	xwm->ping_timeout = 10000;
 
+	// xcb_connect_to_fd takes ownership of the FD regardless of success/failure
 	xwm->xcb_conn = xcb_connect_to_fd(wm_fd, NULL);
 
 	int rc = xcb_connection_has_error(xwm->xcb_conn);
 	if (rc) {
 		wlr_log(WLR_ERROR, "xcb connect failed: %d", rc);
+		xcb_disconnect(xwm->xcb_conn);
 		free(xwm);
 		return NULL;
 	}