diff --git a/include/util/array.h b/include/util/array.h
index a51bdb640..862921680 100644
--- a/include/util/array.h
+++ b/include/util/array.h
@@ -15,4 +15,15 @@ void array_remove_at(struct wl_array *arr, size_t offset, size_t size);
  */
 bool array_realloc(struct wl_array *arr, size_t size);
 
+/**
+ * Returns a pointer to the first valid element in a reversed array.
+ */
+void *array_reversed_start(struct wl_array *arr);
+
+/**
+ * Adds a new element to the array inserting them starting from a higher
+ * memory address effectively inserting them in reverse order.
+ */
+void *array_reversed_add(struct wl_array *arr, size_t size);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_scene.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_scene.h
index b6f0d2175..c7396fb59 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_scene.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_scene.h
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ struct wlr_scene {
 	enum wlr_scene_debug_damage_option debug_damage_option;
 	bool direct_scanout;
 	bool calculate_visibility;
+
+	struct wl_array render_list;
 };
 
 /** A scene-graph node displaying a single surface. */
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ struct wlr_scene_output {
 
 	struct wl_list damage_highlight_regions;
 
-	struct wl_array render_list;
+	struct wl_array output_layers;
 };
 
 /** A layer shell scene helper */
diff --git a/types/scene/wlr_scene.c b/types/scene/wlr_scene.c
index 953fb2c28..31d282e87 100644
--- a/types/scene/wlr_scene.c
+++ b/types/scene/wlr_scene.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_damage_ring.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_matrix.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layer.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_presentation_time.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_scene.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
@@ -122,6 +123,8 @@ void wlr_scene_node_destroy(struct wlr_scene_node *node) {
 
 			wl_list_remove(&scene->presentation_destroy.link);
 			wl_list_remove(&scene->linux_dmabuf_v1_destroy.link);
+
+			wl_array_release(&scene->render_list);
 		} else {
 			assert(node->parent);
 		}
@@ -1335,7 +1338,8 @@ void wlr_scene_output_destroy(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 	wl_list_remove(&scene_output->output_damage.link);
 	wl_list_remove(&scene_output->output_needs_frame.link);
 
-	wl_array_release(&scene_output->render_list);
+	wl_array_release(&scene_output->output_layers);
+
 	free(scene_output);
 }
 
@@ -1363,66 +1367,83 @@ void wlr_scene_output_set_position(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output,
 	scene_output_update_geometry(scene_output);
 }
 
-static bool scene_node_invisible(struct wlr_scene_node *node) {
+struct render_list_entry {
+	struct wlr_scene_node *node;
+	struct wlr_output_layer_state *state;
+	bool sent_feedback;
+	bool visible;
+};
+
+static bool scene_construct_render_list(struct wlr_scene_node *node,
+		struct wl_array *render_list, struct wlr_box *box, bool calculate_visibility,
+		bool enabled) {
+	enabled = enabled && node->enabled;
+
 	if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_TREE) {
+		struct wlr_scene_tree *scene_tree = scene_tree_from_node(node);
+
+		struct wlr_scene_node *child;
+		wl_list_for_each_reverse(child, &scene_tree->children, link) {
+			if (!scene_construct_render_list(child, render_list, box,
+					calculate_visibility, enabled)) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
 		return true;
-	} else if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_RECT) {
+	}
+
+	struct render_list_entry *entry = wl_array_add(render_list, sizeof(*entry));
+	if (!entry) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+	entry->node = node;
+
+	if (!enabled) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_RECT) {
 		struct wlr_scene_rect *rect = scene_rect_from_node(node);
 
-		return rect->color[3] == 0.f;
+		if (rect->color[3] == 0.f) {
+			return true;
+		}
 	} else if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER) {
 		struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(node);
 
-		return buffer->buffer == NULL;
-	}
-
-	return false;
-}
-
-struct render_list_constructor_data {
-	struct wlr_box box;
-	struct wl_array *render_list;
-	bool calculate_visibility;
-};
-
-static bool construct_render_list_iterator(struct wlr_scene_node *node,
-		int lx, int ly, void *_data) {
-	struct render_list_constructor_data *data = _data;
-
-	if (scene_node_invisible(node)) {
-		return false;
+		if (!buffer->buffer) {
+			return true;
+		}
 	}
 
 	// while rendering, the background should always be black.
 	// If we see a black rect, we can ignore rendering everything under the rect
 	// and even the rect itself.
-	if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_RECT && data->calculate_visibility) {
+	if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_RECT && calculate_visibility) {
 		struct wlr_scene_rect *rect = scene_rect_from_node(node);
 		float *black = (float[4]){ 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f };
 
 		if (memcmp(rect->color, black, sizeof(float) * 4) == 0) {
-			return false;
+			return true;
 		}
 	}
 
 	pixman_region32_t intersection;
 	pixman_region32_init(&intersection);
 	pixman_region32_intersect_rect(&intersection, &node->visible,
-			data->box.x, data->box.y,
-			data->box.width, data->box.height);
+		box->x, box->y, box->width, box->height);
 	if (!pixman_region32_not_empty(&intersection)) {
 		pixman_region32_fini(&intersection);
-		return false;
+		return true;
 	}
 
 	pixman_region32_fini(&intersection);
 
-	struct wlr_scene_node **entry = wl_array_add(data->render_list,
-		sizeof(struct wlr_scene_node *));
-	if (entry) {
-		*entry = node;
-	}
-	return false;
+	entry->visible = true;
+	return true;
 }
 
 static void get_frame_damage(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output, pixman_region32_t *frame_damage) {
@@ -1471,10 +1492,8 @@ static void scene_buffer_send_dmabuf_feedback(const struct wlr_scene *scene,
 	wlr_linux_dmabuf_feedback_v1_finish(&feedback);
 }
 
-static bool scene_buffer_can_consider_direct_scanout(struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer,
-		const struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
-	struct wlr_scene_node *node = &buffer->node;
-
+static bool scene_buffer_try_direct_scanout(struct render_list_entry *entry,
+		struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 	if (!scene_output->scene->direct_scanout) {
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -1486,10 +1505,13 @@ static bool scene_buffer_can_consider_direct_scanout(struct wlr_scene_buffer *bu
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	struct wlr_scene_node *node = entry->node;
 	if (node->type != WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(node);
+
 	struct wlr_fbox default_box = {0};
 	if (buffer->transform & WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_90) {
 		default_box.width = buffer->buffer->height;
@@ -1523,11 +1545,16 @@ static bool scene_buffer_can_consider_direct_scanout(struct wlr_scene_buffer *bu
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	return true;
-}
+	if (buffer->primary_output == scene_output) {
+		struct wlr_linux_dmabuf_feedback_v1_init_options options = {
+			.main_renderer = scene_output->output->renderer,
+			.scanout_primary_output = scene_output->output,
+		};
+
+		scene_buffer_send_dmabuf_feedback(scene_output->scene, buffer, &options);
+		entry->sent_feedback = true;
+	}
 
-static bool scene_buffer_try_direct_scanout(struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer,
-		struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 	struct wlr_output_state state = {
 		.committed = WLR_OUTPUT_STATE_BUFFER,
 		.buffer = buffer->buffer,
@@ -1550,6 +1577,260 @@ static bool scene_buffer_try_direct_scanout(struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer,
 	return true;
 }
 
+static bool scene_buffer_can_be_output_layer(struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer,
+		struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
+	struct wlr_fbox default_box = {0};
+	if (buffer->transform & WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_90) {
+		default_box.width = buffer->buffer->height;
+		default_box.height = buffer->buffer->width;
+	} else {
+		default_box.width = buffer->buffer->width;
+		default_box.height = buffer->buffer->height;
+	}
+
+	if (!wlr_fbox_empty(&buffer->src_box) &&
+			!wlr_fbox_equal(&buffer->src_box, &default_box)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (buffer->transform != scene_output->output->transform) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer {
+	struct wlr_addon addon;
+	struct wlr_output_layer *layer;
+	struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer;
+	struct wlr_scene_output *output;
+	struct render_list_entry *current_render_entry;
+
+	struct wl_listener layer_feedback;
+	struct wl_listener output_destroy;
+};
+
+static void node_output_layer_destroy(struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *layer) {
+	wlr_output_layer_destroy(layer->layer);
+	wlr_addon_finish(&layer->addon);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->output_destroy.link);
+	free(layer);
+}
+
+static void handle_output_layer_addon_finish(struct wlr_addon *addon) {
+	struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *layer = wl_container_of(addon, layer, addon);
+	node_output_layer_destroy(layer);
+}
+
+static void handle_output_layer_output_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener,
+		void *data) {
+	struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *layer = wl_container_of(listener, layer, output_destroy);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->layer_feedback.link);
+	node_output_layer_destroy(layer);
+}
+
+static const struct wlr_addon_interface node_addon_output_layer = {
+	.name = "wlr_scene_output_layer",
+	.destroy = handle_output_layer_addon_finish,
+};
+
+static struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *scene_node_get_output_layer(
+		struct wlr_scene_node *node, struct wlr_scene_output *output) {
+	struct wlr_addon *addon = wlr_addon_find(
+		&node->addons, output, &node_addon_output_layer);
+	if (!addon) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *layer = wl_container_of(addon, layer, addon);
+	return layer;
+}
+
+static void output_handle_layer_feedback(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *layer =
+		wl_container_of(listener, layer, layer_feedback);
+	struct wlr_output_layer_feedback_event *event = data;
+	struct wlr_linux_dmabuf_feedback_v1_init_options options = {
+		.main_renderer = layer->buffer->primary_output->output->renderer,
+		.output_layer_feedback_event = event,
+	};
+
+	if (layer->buffer->primary_output == layer->output) {
+		scene_buffer_send_dmabuf_feedback(scene_node_get_root(&layer->buffer->node),
+			layer->buffer, &options);
+		layer->current_render_entry->sent_feedback = true;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *scene_buffer_create_output_layer(
+		struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer, struct wlr_scene_output *output) {
+	struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *layer = calloc(1, sizeof(*layer));
+	if (!layer) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	layer->layer = wlr_output_layer_create(output->output);
+	if (!layer->layer) {
+		free(layer);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	layer->layer_feedback.notify = output_handle_layer_feedback;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer->layer->events.feedback, &layer->layer_feedback);
+
+	layer->output_destroy.notify = handle_output_layer_output_destroy;
+	wl_signal_add(&output->output->events.destroy, &layer->output_destroy);
+
+	layer->buffer = buffer;
+	layer->output = output;
+
+	wlr_addon_init(&layer->addon, &buffer->node.addons, output, &node_addon_output_layer);
+	return layer;
+}
+
+static bool scene_submit_output_layers(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output,
+		struct wl_array *render_list) {
+	// if we render software cursors, that means they will be a part of the
+	// primary plane. If we render output layers, it means we could render
+	// over the cursor. A lock will also be registered if there is screen share.
+	// Screen share cannot use output layers.
+	if (scene_output->output->software_cursor_locks) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (scene_output->scene->debug_damage_option ==
+			WLR_SCENE_DEBUG_DAMAGE_HIGHLIGHT) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	struct render_list_entry *list_data = render_list->data;
+	int list_len = render_list->size / sizeof(*list_data);
+
+	scene_output->output_layers.size = 0;
+	if (!array_realloc(&scene_output->output_layers,
+			list_len * sizeof(struct wlr_output_layer_state))) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// area of that the base layer must render (such as rects)
+	pixman_region32_t base_layer_area;
+	pixman_region32_init(&base_layer_area);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < list_len; i++) {
+		struct render_list_entry *entry = &list_data[i];
+		struct wlr_scene_node *node = entry->node;
+
+		if (node->type != WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		struct wlr_box box;
+		wlr_scene_node_coords(node, &box.x, &box.y);
+		scene_node_get_size(node, &box.width, &box.height);
+
+		box.x = floor(box.x * scene_output->output->scale) - scene_output->x;
+		box.y = floor(box.y * scene_output->output->scale) - scene_output->y;
+		box.width = ceil(box.width * scene_output->output->scale);
+		box.height = ceil(box.height * scene_output->output->scale);
+
+		struct wlr_scene_node_output_layer *layer =
+			scene_node_get_output_layer(node, scene_output);
+
+		struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(node);
+
+		if (entry->visible && !scene_buffer_can_be_output_layer(buffer, scene_output)) {
+			pixman_region32_union_rect(&base_layer_area, &base_layer_area,
+				box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+
+			if (layer) {
+				node_output_layer_destroy(layer);
+			}
+
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (entry->visible && !layer) {
+			layer = scene_buffer_create_output_layer(buffer, scene_output);
+			if (!layer) {
+				pixman_region32_union_rect(&base_layer_area, &base_layer_area,
+					box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (layer) {
+			// we preallocted the array length, this should never return NULL.
+			entry->state = array_reversed_add(&scene_output->output_layers, sizeof(*entry->state));
+
+			layer->current_render_entry = entry;
+			*entry->state = (struct wlr_output_layer_state){
+				.layer = layer->layer,
+				.buffer = NULL,
+				.dst_box = box,
+			};
+		}
+
+		if (!entry->visible) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		pixman_region32_t intersection;
+		pixman_region32_init(&intersection);
+		pixman_region32_intersect_rect(&intersection, &base_layer_area,
+			box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+		if (pixman_region32_not_empty(&intersection)) {
+			pixman_region32_union_rect(&base_layer_area, &base_layer_area,
+				box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+			pixman_region32_fini(&intersection);
+			continue;
+		}
+		pixman_region32_fini(&intersection);
+
+		// only consider nodes that are in the damage
+		pixman_region32_init(&intersection);
+		pixman_region32_intersect_rect(&intersection, &scene_output->damage_ring.current,
+			box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+		if (!pixman_region32_not_empty(&intersection)) {
+			pixman_region32_union_rect(&base_layer_area, &base_layer_area,
+				box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+			pixman_region32_fini(&intersection);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!buffer_is_opaque(buffer->buffer)) {
+			// With transparent nodes, we can't get away with just having the
+			// node partially in the damage or else the user can see through
+			// the node to find an older version of the node software composited
+			// in the base layer.
+			pixman_region32_t node_box;
+			pixman_region32_init_rect(&node_box, box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+			pixman_region32_subtract(&intersection, &node_box, &intersection);
+			pixman_region32_fini(&node_box);
+			if (pixman_region32_not_empty(&intersection)) {
+				pixman_region32_union_rect(&base_layer_area, &base_layer_area,
+					box.x, box.y, box.width, box.height);
+				pixman_region32_fini(&intersection);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		pixman_region32_fini(&intersection);
+
+		entry->state->buffer = buffer->buffer;
+	}
+
+	pixman_region32_fini(&base_layer_area);
+
+	wlr_output_set_layers(scene_output->output, array_reversed_start(&scene_output->output_layers),
+		scene_output->output_layers.size / sizeof(struct wlr_output_layer_state));
+
+	if (!wlr_output_test(scene_output->output)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 	struct wlr_output *output = scene_output->output;
 	enum wlr_scene_debug_damage_option debug_damage =
@@ -1563,50 +1844,58 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	struct render_list_constructor_data list_con = {
-		.box = { .x = scene_output->x, .y = scene_output->y },
-		.render_list = &scene_output->render_list,
-		.calculate_visibility = scene_output->scene->calculate_visibility,
-	};
-	wlr_output_effective_resolution(output,
-		&list_con.box.width, &list_con.box.height);
+	struct wl_array *render_list = &scene_output->scene->render_list;
+	render_list->size = 0;
 
-	list_con.render_list->size = 0;
-	scene_nodes_in_box(&scene_output->scene->tree.node, &list_con.box,
-		construct_render_list_iterator, &list_con);
-	array_realloc(list_con.render_list, list_con.render_list->size);
+	struct wlr_box box = { .x = scene_output->x, .y = scene_output->y };
+	wlr_output_effective_resolution(output, &box.width, &box.height);
+	if (!scene_construct_render_list(&scene_output->scene->tree.node, render_list,
+			&box, scene_output->scene->calculate_visibility, true)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	array_realloc(render_list, render_list->size);
 
-	int list_len = list_con.render_list->size / sizeof(struct wlr_scene_node *);
-	struct wlr_scene_node **list_data = list_con.render_list->data;
+	scene_submit_output_layers(scene_output, render_list);
 
-	bool sent_direct_scanout_feedback = false;
+	struct render_list_entry *list_data = render_list->data;
+	int list_len = render_list->size / sizeof(*list_data);
 
-	// if there is only one thing to render let's see if that thing can be
-	// directly scanned out
-	bool scanout = false;
-	if (list_len == 1) {
-		struct wlr_scene_node *node = list_data[0];
+	struct render_list_entry *scanout = NULL;
+	int render_count = 0;
+	pixman_region32_t forward_damage;
+	pixman_region32_init(&forward_damage);
 
-		if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER) {
-			struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(node);
-
-			if (scene_buffer_can_consider_direct_scanout(buffer, scene_output)) {
-				if (buffer->primary_output == scene_output) {
-					struct wlr_linux_dmabuf_feedback_v1_init_options options = {
-						.main_renderer = output->renderer,
-						.scanout_primary_output = output,
-					};
-
-					scene_buffer_send_dmabuf_feedback(scene_output->scene, buffer, &options);
-					sent_direct_scanout_feedback = true;
-				}
-
-				scanout = scene_buffer_try_direct_scanout(buffer, scene_output);
-			}
+	for (int i = list_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		struct render_list_entry *entry = &list_data[i];
+		if (!entry->visible) {
+			continue;
 		}
+
+		if (entry->state && entry->state->accepted && entry->state->buffer) {
+			// we need to damage the output here for the next frame because since
+			// the we're using output layers here. The contents won't be part
+			// of the primary plane and will therefore have stale contents.
+			pixman_region32_union(&forward_damage, &forward_damage, &entry->node->visible);
+
+			struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(entry->node);
+			wl_signal_emit_mutable(&buffer->events.output_present, scene_output);
+
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		scanout = entry;
+		render_count++;
 	}
 
-	if (scene_output->prev_scanout != scanout) {
+	pixman_region32_translate(&forward_damage, -scene_output->x, -scene_output->y);
+	scale_output_damage(&forward_damage, scene_output->output->scale);
+	pixman_region32_intersect(&forward_damage, &forward_damage, &scene_output->damage_ring.current);
+
+	if (render_count != 1 || !scene_buffer_try_direct_scanout(scanout, scene_output)) {
+		scanout = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (scene_output->prev_scanout == !scanout) {
 		scene_output->prev_scanout = scanout;
 		wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "Direct scan-out %s",
 			scanout ? "enabled" : "disabled");
@@ -1617,11 +1906,12 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 	}
 
 	if (scanout) {
-		struct wlr_scene_node *node = list_data[0];
-
-		assert(node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER);
-		struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(node);
+		struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(scanout->node);
 		wl_signal_emit_mutable(&buffer->events.output_present, scene_output);
+
+		wlr_damage_ring_add(&scene_output->damage_ring, &forward_damage);
+		pixman_region32_fini(&forward_damage);
+
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -1629,6 +1919,7 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 		wlr_damage_ring_add_whole(&scene_output->damage_ring);
 	}
 
+
 	struct timespec now;
 	if (debug_damage == WLR_SCENE_DEBUG_DAMAGE_HIGHLIGHT) {
 		struct wl_list *regions = &scene_output->damage_highlight_regions;
@@ -1670,6 +1961,7 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 
 	int buffer_age;
 	if (!wlr_output_attach_render(output, &buffer_age)) {
+		pixman_region32_fini(&forward_damage);
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -1679,6 +1971,7 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 		buffer_age, &damage);
 
 	if (!wlr_renderer_begin(renderer, output->width, output->height)) {
+		pixman_region32_fini(&forward_damage);
 		pixman_region32_fini(&damage);
 		wlr_output_rollback(output);
 		return false;
@@ -1695,9 +1988,13 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 		float output_scale = scene_output->output->scale;
 
 		for (int i = list_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-			struct wlr_scene_node *node = list_data[i];
+			struct render_list_entry *entry = &list_data[i];
+			if (!entry->visible) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			int x, y;
-			wlr_scene_node_coords(node, &x, &y);
+			wlr_scene_node_coords(entry->node, &x, &y);
 
 			// We must only cull opaque regions that are visible by the node.
 			// The node's visibility will have the knowledge of a black rect
@@ -1706,8 +2003,8 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 			// rendering in that black rect region, consider the node's visibility.
 			pixman_region32_t opaque;
 			pixman_region32_init(&opaque);
-			scene_node_opaque_region(node, x, y, &opaque);
-			pixman_region32_intersect(&opaque, &opaque, &node->visible);
+			scene_node_opaque_region(entry->node, x, y, &opaque);
+			pixman_region32_intersect(&opaque, &opaque, &entry->node->visible);
 
 			pixman_region32_translate(&opaque, -scene_output->x, -scene_output->y);
 			wlr_region_scale(&opaque, &opaque, output_scale);
@@ -1733,13 +2030,21 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 	pixman_region32_fini(&background);
 
 	for (int i = list_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		struct wlr_scene_node *node = list_data[i];
-		scene_node_render(node, scene_output, &damage);
+		struct render_list_entry *entry = &list_data[i];
+		if (!entry->visible) {
+			continue;
+		}
 
-		if (node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER) {
-			struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(node);
+		if (entry->state && entry->state->accepted && entry->state->buffer) {
+			continue;
+		}
 
-			if (buffer->primary_output == scene_output && !sent_direct_scanout_feedback) {
+		scene_node_render(entry->node, scene_output, &damage);
+
+		if (entry->node->type == WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER) {
+			struct wlr_scene_buffer *buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(entry->node);
+
+			if (buffer->primary_output == scene_output && !entry->sent_feedback) {
 				struct wlr_linux_dmabuf_feedback_v1_init_options options = {
 					.main_renderer = output->renderer,
 					.scanout_primary_output = NULL,
@@ -1797,6 +2102,9 @@ bool wlr_scene_output_commit(struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output) {
 		wlr_output_schedule_frame(scene_output->output);
 	}
 
+	wlr_damage_ring_add(&scene_output->damage_ring, &forward_damage);
+	pixman_region32_fini(&forward_damage);
+
 	return success;
 }
 
diff --git a/util/array.c b/util/array.c
index ec16a7b13..427cf725a 100644
--- a/util/array.c
+++ b/util/array.c
@@ -38,3 +38,26 @@ bool array_realloc(struct wl_array *arr, size_t size) {
 	arr->alloc = alloc;
 	return true;
 }
+
+void *array_reversed_start(struct wl_array *arr) {
+	char *data = arr->data;
+	return data + arr->alloc - arr->size;
+}
+
+void *array_reversed_add(struct wl_array *arr, size_t size) {
+	if (arr->size + size > arr->alloc) {
+		size_t new_alloc = arr->alloc * 2;
+		char *new = malloc(new_alloc);
+		if (!new) {
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		memcpy(new + (new_alloc - arr->size), array_reversed_start(arr), arr->size);
+		free(arr->data);
+		arr->data = new;
+		arr->alloc = new_alloc;
+	}
+
+	arr->size += size;
+	return array_reversed_start(arr);
+}