client: Add wl_display_prepare_read() API to relax thread model assumptions

The current thread model assumes that the application or toolkit will have
one thread that either polls the display fd and dispatches events or just
dispatches in a loop.  Only this main thread will read from the fd while
all other threads will block on a pthread condition and expect the main
thread to deliver events to them.

This turns out to be too restrictive.  We can't assume that there
always will be a thread like that.  Qt QML threaded rendering will
block the main thread on a condition that's signaled by a rendering
thread after it finishes rendering.  This leads to a deadlock when the
rendering threads blocks in eglSwapBuffers(), and the main thread is
waiting on the condition.  Another problematic use case is with games
that has a rendering thread for a splash screen while the main thread
is busy loading game data or compiling shaders.  The main thread isn't
responsive and ends up blocking eglSwapBuffers() in the rendering thread.

We also can't assume that there will be only one thread polling on the
file descriptor.  A valid use case is a thread receiving data from a
custom wayland interface as well as a device fd or network socket.
The thread may want to wait on either events from the wayland
interface or data from the fd, in which case it needs to poll on both
the wayland display fd and the device/network fd.

The solution seems pretty straightforward: just let all threads read
from the fd.  However, the main-thread restriction was introduced to
avoid a race.  Simplified, main loops will do something like this:

	wl_display_dispatch_pending(display);

	/* Race here if other thread reads from fd and places events
	 * in main eent queue.  We go to sleep in poll while sitting on
	 * events that may stall the application if not dispatched. */

	poll(fds, nfds, -1);

	/* Race here if other thread reads and doesn't queue any
	 * events for main queue. wl_display_dispatch() below will block
	 * trying to read from the fd, while other fds in the mainloop
	 * are ignored. */

	wl_display_dispatch(display);

The restriction that only the main thread can read from the fd avoids
these races, but has the problems described above.

This patch introduces new API to solve both problems.  We add

	int wl_display_prepare_read(struct wl_display *display);

and

	int wl_display_read_events(struct wl_display *display);

wl_display_prepare_read() registers the calling thread as a potential
reader of events.  Once data is available on the fd, all reader
threads must call wl_display_read_events(), at which point one of the
threads will read from the fd and distribute the events to event
queues.  When that is done, all threads return from
wl_display_read_events().

From the point of view of a single thread, this ensures that between
calling wl_display_prepare_read() and wl_display_read_events(), no
other thread will read from the fd and queue events in its event
queue.  This avoids the race conditions described above, and we avoid
relying on any one thread to be available to read events.

src/wayland-client.h

@@ -152,6 +152,12 @@ int wl_display_flush(struct wl_display *display);
 int wl_display_roundtrip(struct wl_display *display);
 struct wl_event_queue *wl_display_create_queue(struct wl_display *display);
 
+int wl_display_prepare_read_queue(struct wl_display *display,
+				  struct wl_event_queue *queue);
+int wl_display_prepare_read(struct wl_display *display);
+void wl_display_cancel_read(struct wl_display *display);
+int wl_display_read_events(struct wl_display *display);
+
 void wl_log_set_handler_client(wl_log_func_t handler);
 
 #ifdef  __cplusplus