From 19adddee31ca34bf4e0db95df01b4ec595f2d267 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: acheronfail <acheronfail@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 6 Jun 2021 18:25:08 +1000
Subject: [PATCH] pactl: add format flag for JSON output

Part-of: <https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pulseaudio/pulseaudio/-/merge_requests/497>
---
 man/pactl.1.xml.in   |    8 +-
 src/pulsecore/json.c |   10 +
 src/pulsecore/json.h |    2 +
 src/utils/pactl.c    | 1255 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 4 files changed, 1050 insertions(+), 225 deletions(-)

diff --git a/man/pactl.1.xml.in b/man/pactl.1.xml.in
index 6da020fe5..d4eb03458 100644
--- a/man/pactl.1.xml.in
+++ b/man/pactl.1.xml.in
@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ License along with PulseAudio; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
       <optdesc><p>Choose the server to connect to.</p></optdesc>
     </option>
 
+    <option>
+      <p><opt>-f | --format</opt><arg>=FORMAT</arg></p>
+
+      <optdesc><p>Choose output format, available options are "text" or "json".</p></optdesc>
+    </option>
+
     <option>
       <p><opt>-n | --client-name</opt><arg>=NAME</arg></p>
 
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@ License along with PulseAudio; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
   <section name="Commands">
     <p>
-        When supplied as arguments to the commands below, the special names \@DEFAULT_SINK@, \@DEFAULT_SOURCE@ and \@DEFAULT_MONITOR@ 
+        When supplied as arguments to the commands below, the special names \@DEFAULT_SINK@, \@DEFAULT_SOURCE@ and \@DEFAULT_MONITOR@
         can be used to specify the default sink, source and monitor respectively.
     </p>
 
diff --git a/src/pulsecore/json.c b/src/pulsecore/json.c
index 0b7b4c3e0..e2010e9fc 100644
--- a/src/pulsecore/json.c
+++ b/src/pulsecore/json.c
@@ -650,6 +650,16 @@ static pa_json_context_type_t json_encoder_context_pop(pa_json_encoder *encoder)
     return type;
 }
 
+bool pa_json_encoder_is_empty(pa_json_encoder *encoder) {
+    pa_json_context_type_t type;
+
+    pa_assert(encoder);
+    pa_assert(encoder->context);
+
+    type = encoder->context->type;
+    return type == PA_JSON_CONTEXT_EMPTY;
+}
+
 pa_json_encoder *pa_json_encoder_new(void) {
     pa_json_encoder *encoder;
 
diff --git a/src/pulsecore/json.h b/src/pulsecore/json.h
index 0c5024288..8f187d838 100644
--- a/src/pulsecore/json.h
+++ b/src/pulsecore/json.h
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ void pa_json_encoder_free(pa_json_encoder *encoder);
 /** Convert pa_json_encoder to string, free pa_json_encoder structure.
  * The returned string needs to be freed with pa_xree(). \since 15.0 */
 char *pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(pa_json_encoder *encoder);
+/** Check if a pa_json_encoder is empty (nothing has been added). \since 16.0 */
+bool pa_json_encoder_is_empty(pa_json_encoder *encoder);
 
 /** Start appending JSON object element by writing an opening brace. \since 15.0 */
 void pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(pa_json_encoder *encoder);
diff --git a/src/utils/pactl.c b/src/utils/pactl.c
index 0f68861d7..cb6db58b7 100644
--- a/src/utils/pactl.c
+++ b/src/utils/pactl.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 #include <pulse/pulseaudio.h>
 #include <pulse/ext-device-restore.h>
+#include <pulse/xmalloc.h>
 
 #include <pulsecore/i18n.h>
 #include <pulsecore/json.h>
@@ -103,6 +104,8 @@ static size_t sample_length = 0;
 static int actions = 0;
 
 static bool nl = false;
+static pa_json_encoder *list_encoder = NULL;
+static pa_json_encoder *json_encoder = NULL;
 
 static enum {
     NONE,
@@ -144,6 +147,11 @@ static enum {
     SUBSCRIBE
 } action = NONE;
 
+static enum {
+    TEXT,
+    JSON
+} format = TEXT;
+
 static void quit(int ret) {
     pa_assert(mainloop_api);
     mainloop_api->quit(mainloop_api, ret);
@@ -177,20 +185,31 @@ static void stat_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_stat_info *i, void *userdata)
         return;
     }
 
-    pa_bytes_snprint(s, sizeof(s), i->memblock_total_size);
-    printf(ngettext("Currently in use: %u block containing %s bytes total.\n",
-                    "Currently in use: %u blocks containing %s bytes total.\n",
-                    i->memblock_total),
-           i->memblock_total, s);
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        printf("{\"current\":{\"blocks\":%u,\"size\":%u},"
+               "\"lifetime\":{\"blocks\":%u,\"size\":%u},"
+               "\"sample_cache_size\":%u}",
+               i->memblock_total,
+               i->memblock_total_size,
+               i->memblock_allocated,
+               i->memblock_allocated_size,
+               i->scache_size);
+    } else {
+        pa_bytes_snprint(s, sizeof(s), i->memblock_total_size);
+        printf(ngettext("Currently in use: %u block containing %s bytes total.\n",
+                        "Currently in use: %u blocks containing %s bytes total.\n",
+                        i->memblock_total),
+            i->memblock_total, s);
 
-    pa_bytes_snprint(s, sizeof(s), i->memblock_allocated_size);
-    printf(ngettext("Allocated during whole lifetime: %u block containing %s bytes total.\n",
-                    "Allocated during whole lifetime: %u blocks containing %s bytes total.\n",
-                    i->memblock_allocated),
-           i->memblock_allocated, s);
+        pa_bytes_snprint(s, sizeof(s), i->memblock_allocated_size);
+        printf(ngettext("Allocated during whole lifetime: %u block containing %s bytes total.\n",
+                        "Allocated during whole lifetime: %u blocks containing %s bytes total.\n",
+                        i->memblock_allocated),
+            i->memblock_allocated, s);
 
-    pa_bytes_snprint(s, sizeof(s), i->scache_size);
-    printf(_("Sample cache size: %s\n"), s);
+        pa_bytes_snprint(s, sizeof(s), i->scache_size);
+        printf(_("Sample cache size: %s\n"), s);
+    }
 
     complete_action();
 }
@@ -228,7 +247,38 @@ static void get_server_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_server_info *i, voi
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Server String: %s\n"
+    pa_sample_spec_snprint(ss, sizeof(ss), &i->sample_spec);
+    pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map);
+
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        char* tile_size = pa_sprintf_malloc("%zu", pa_context_get_tile_size(c, NULL));
+        char* cookie = pa_sprintf_malloc("%04x:%04x", i->cookie >> 16, i->cookie & 0xFFFFU);
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "server_string", pa_context_get_server(c));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "library_protocol_version", pa_context_get_protocol_version(c));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "server_protocol_version", pa_context_get_server_protocol_version(c));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "is_local", pa_yes_no_localised(pa_context_is_local(c)));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "client_index", pa_context_get_index(c));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "tile_size", tile_size);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "user_name", i->user_name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "host_name", i->host_name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "server_name", i->server_name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "server_version", i->server_version);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "default_sample_specification", ss);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "default_channel_map", cm);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "default_sink_name", i->default_sink_name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "default_source_name", i->default_source_name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "cookie", cookie);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        printf("%s", json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+        pa_xfree(tile_size);
+        pa_xfree(cookie);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Server String: %s\n"
              "Library Protocol Version: %u\n"
              "Server Protocol Version: %u\n"
              "Is Local: %s\n"
@@ -241,28 +291,26 @@ static void get_server_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_server_info *i, voi
              pa_context_get_index(c),
              pa_context_get_tile_size(c, NULL));
 
-    pa_sample_spec_snprint(ss, sizeof(ss), &i->sample_spec);
-    pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map);
-
-    printf(_("User Name: %s\n"
-             "Host Name: %s\n"
-             "Server Name: %s\n"
-             "Server Version: %s\n"
-             "Default Sample Specification: %s\n"
-             "Default Channel Map: %s\n"
-             "Default Sink: %s\n"
-             "Default Source: %s\n"
-             "Cookie: %04x:%04x\n"),
-           i->user_name,
-           i->host_name,
-           i->server_name,
-           i->server_version,
-           ss,
-           cm,
-           i->default_sink_name,
-           i->default_source_name,
-           i->cookie >> 16,
-           i->cookie & 0xFFFFU);
+        printf(_("User Name: %s\n"
+                "Host Name: %s\n"
+                "Server Name: %s\n"
+                "Server Version: %s\n"
+                "Default Sample Specification: %s\n"
+                "Default Channel Map: %s\n"
+                "Default Sink: %s\n"
+                "Default Source: %s\n"
+                "Cookie: %04x:%04x\n"),
+            i->user_name,
+            i->host_name,
+            i->server_name,
+            i->server_version,
+            ss,
+            cm,
+            i->default_sink_name,
+            i->default_source_name,
+            i->cookie >> 16,
+            i->cookie & 0xFFFFU);
+    }
 
     complete_action();
 }
@@ -308,6 +356,191 @@ static const char* get_device_port_type(unsigned int type) {
     return buf;
 }
 
+char* pa_proplist_to_json_object(const pa_proplist *p) {
+    const char *key;
+    void *state = NULL;
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder;
+
+    pa_assert(p);
+
+    encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+    while (true) {
+        key = pa_proplist_iterate(p, &state);
+        if (!key) break;
+
+        const char *v;
+
+        if ((v = pa_proplist_gets(p, key))) {
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, key, v);
+        } else {
+            const void *value;
+            size_t nbytes;
+            char *c;
+            char* hex_str;
+
+            pa_assert_se(pa_proplist_get(p, key, &value, &nbytes) == 0);
+            c = pa_xmalloc(nbytes*2+1);
+            pa_hexstr((const uint8_t*) value, nbytes, c, nbytes*2+1);
+
+            hex_str = pa_sprintf_malloc("hex:%s", c);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, key, hex_str);
+            pa_xfree(c);
+            pa_xfree(hex_str);
+        }
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+static const char* pa_sink_ports_to_json_array(pa_sink_port_info **ports) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!ports) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    pa_sink_port_info **p;
+
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+    for (p = ports; *p; p++) {
+        pa_json_encoder *sink_port_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(sink_port_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(sink_port_encoder, "name", (*p)->name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(sink_port_encoder, "description", (*p)->description);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(sink_port_encoder, "type", get_device_port_type((*p)->type));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(sink_port_encoder, "priority", (*p)->priority);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(sink_port_encoder, "availability_group", (*p)->availability_group);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(sink_port_encoder, "availability", get_available_str((*p)->available));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(sink_port_encoder);
+
+        char* sink_port_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(sink_port_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(encoder, sink_port_str);
+        pa_xfree(sink_port_str);
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+static const char* pa_source_ports_to_json_array(pa_source_port_info **ports) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!ports) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    pa_source_port_info **p;
+
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+    for (p = ports; *p; p++) {
+        pa_json_encoder *source_port_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(source_port_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(source_port_encoder, "name", (*p)->name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(source_port_encoder, "description", (*p)->description);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(source_port_encoder, "type", get_device_port_type((*p)->type));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(source_port_encoder, "priority", (*p)->priority);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(source_port_encoder, "availability_group", (*p)->availability_group);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(source_port_encoder, "availability", get_available_str((*p)->available));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(source_port_encoder);
+
+        char* source_port_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(source_port_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(encoder, source_port_str);
+        pa_xfree(source_port_str);
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+static const char* pa_format_infos_to_json_array(pa_format_info **formats, uint8_t n_formats) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!formats) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    char f[PA_FORMAT_INFO_SNPRINT_MAX];
+    uint8_t i;
+
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+    for (i = 0; i < n_formats; i++) {
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(encoder, pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), formats[i]));
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+const char* pa_volume_to_json_object(pa_volume_t v, int print_dB) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!PA_VOLUME_IS_VALID(v)) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "error", _("(invalid)"));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    char dB[PA_SW_VOLUME_SNPRINT_DB_MAX];
+    char* value_percent = pa_sprintf_malloc("%u%%", (unsigned)(((uint64_t)v * 100 + (uint64_t)PA_VOLUME_NORM / 2) / (uint64_t)PA_VOLUME_NORM));
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+    pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "value", v);
+    pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "value_percent", value_percent);
+    pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "db", print_dB ? pa_sw_volume_snprint_dB(dB, sizeof(dB), v) : NULL);
+    pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+    pa_xfree(value_percent);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+const char* pa_cvolume_to_json_object(const pa_cvolume *c, const pa_channel_map *map, int print_dB) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!pa_cvolume_valid(c)) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "error", _("(invalid)"));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    pa_assert(!map || (map->channels == c->channels));
+    pa_assert(!map || pa_channel_map_valid(map));
+
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+    for (unsigned channel = 0; channel < c->channels; channel++) {
+        char channel_position[32];
+        if (map)
+            pa_snprintf(channel_position, sizeof(channel_position), "%s", pa_channel_position_to_string(map->map[channel]));
+        else
+            pa_snprintf(channel_position, sizeof(channel_position), "%u", channel);
+
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder,
+            channel_position,
+            pa_volume_to_json_object(c->values[channel], print_dB));
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+static void pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler(const char *name) {
+    pa_assert(json_encoder != NULL);
+
+    pa_json_encoder_end_array(json_encoder);
+    char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(json_encoder);
+    if (list_encoder != NULL) {
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(list_encoder, name, json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf("%s", json_str);
+    }
+    pa_xfree(json_str);
+
+    json_encoder = NULL;
+}
+
 static void get_sink_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_info *i, int is_last, void *userdata) {
 
     static const char *state_table[] = {
@@ -325,6 +558,11 @@ static void get_sink_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_info *i, int is_
         f[PA_FORMAT_INFO_SNPRINT_MAX];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get sink information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         quit(1);
@@ -332,27 +570,98 @@ static void get_sink_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_info *i, int is_
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("sinks");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
+    char *sample_spec = pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec);
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "state", state_table[1+i->state]);
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
                i->index,
                i->name,
                pa_strnull(i->driver),
-               pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec),
+               sample_spec,
                state_table[1+i->state]);
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Sink #%u\n"
+    char *channel_map = pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map);
+    float volume_balance = pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map);
+
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *latency_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(latency_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(latency_encoder, "actual", (double) i->latency, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(latency_encoder, "configured", (double) i->configured_latency, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(latency_encoder);
+        char* latency_json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(latency_encoder);
+
+        pa_json_encoder *flags_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(flags_encoder);
+        if (i->flags & PA_SINK_HARDWARE) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "HARDWARE");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SINK_NETWORK) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "NETWORK");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SINK_HW_MUTE_CTRL) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "HW_MUTE_CTRL");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SINK_HW_VOLUME_CTRL) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "HW_VOLUME_CTRL");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "DECIBEL_VOLUME");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SINK_LATENCY) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "LATENCY");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SINK_SET_FORMATS) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "SET_FORMATS");
+        pa_json_encoder_end_array(flags_encoder);
+        char* flags_json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(flags_encoder);
+
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "state", state_table[1+i->state]);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "description", i->description);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "channel_map", channel_map);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "owner_module", i->owner_module);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(encoder, "mute", i->mute);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "volume", pa_cvolume_to_json_object(&i->volume, &i->channel_map, i->flags & PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "balance", volume_balance, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "base_volume", pa_volume_to_json_object(i->base_volume, i->flags & PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "monitor_source", i->monitor_source_name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "latency", latency_json_str);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "flags", flags_json_str);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "ports", pa_sink_ports_to_json_array(i->ports));
+        i->active_port ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "active_port", i->active_port->name): pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "active_port");
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "formats", pa_format_infos_to_json_array(i->formats, i->n_formats));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+        pa_xfree(latency_json_str);
+        pa_xfree(flags_json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Sink #%u\n"
              "\tState: %s\n"
              "\tName: %s\n"
              "\tDescription: %s\n"
@@ -373,12 +682,12 @@ static void get_sink_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_info *i, int is_
            i->name,
            pa_strnull(i->description),
            pa_strnull(i->driver),
-           pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec),
-           pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map),
+           sample_spec,
+           channel_map,
            i->owner_module,
            pa_yes_no_localised(i->mute),
            pa_cvolume_snprint_verbose(cv, sizeof(cv), &i->volume, &i->channel_map, i->flags & PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME),
-           pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map),
+           volume_balance,
            pa_volume_snprint_verbose(v, sizeof(v), i->base_volume, i->flags & PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME),
            pa_strnull(i->monitor_source_name),
            (double) i->latency, (double) i->configured_latency,
@@ -391,30 +700,31 @@ static void get_sink_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_info *i, int is_
            i->flags & PA_SINK_SET_FORMATS ? "SET_FORMATS " : "",
            pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
 
+        if (i->ports) {
+            pa_sink_port_info **p;
+
+            printf(_("\tPorts:\n"));
+            for (p = i->ports; *p; p++)
+                printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (type: %s, priority: %u%s%s, %s)\n"),
+                        (*p)->name, (*p)->description, get_device_port_type((*p)->type),
+                        (*p)->priority, (*p)->availability_group ? _(", availability group: ") : "",
+                        (*p)->availability_group ?: "", get_available_str((*p)->available));
+        }
+
+        if (i->active_port)
+            printf(_("\tActive Port: %s\n"),
+                i->active_port->name);
+
+        if (i->formats) {
+            uint8_t j;
+
+            printf(_("\tFormats:\n"));
+            for (j = 0; j < i->n_formats; j++)
+                printf("\t\t%s\n", pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->formats[j]));
+        }
+    }
+
     pa_xfree(pl);
-
-    if (i->ports) {
-        pa_sink_port_info **p;
-
-        printf(_("\tPorts:\n"));
-        for (p = i->ports; *p; p++)
-            printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (type: %s, priority: %u%s%s, %s)\n"),
-                    (*p)->name, (*p)->description, get_device_port_type((*p)->type),
-                    (*p)->priority, (*p)->availability_group ? _(", availability group: ") : "",
-                    (*p)->availability_group ?: "", get_available_str((*p)->available));
-    }
-
-    if (i->active_port)
-        printf(_("\tActive Port: %s\n"),
-               i->active_port->name);
-
-    if (i->formats) {
-        uint8_t j;
-
-        printf(_("\tFormats:\n"));
-        for (j = 0; j < i->n_formats; j++)
-            printf("\t\t%s\n", pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->formats[j]));
-    }
 }
 
 static void get_source_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_source_info *i, int is_last, void *userdata) {
@@ -434,6 +744,11 @@ static void get_source_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_source_info *i, int
         f[PA_FORMAT_INFO_SNPRINT_MAX];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get source information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         quit(1);
@@ -441,94 +756,170 @@ static void get_source_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_source_info *i, int
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("sources");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
+    char *sample_spec = pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec);
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "state", state_table[1+i->state]);
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
                i->index,
                i->name,
                pa_strnull(i->driver),
-               pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec),
+               sample_spec,
                state_table[1+i->state]);
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Source #%u\n"
-             "\tState: %s\n"
-             "\tName: %s\n"
-             "\tDescription: %s\n"
-             "\tDriver: %s\n"
-             "\tSample Specification: %s\n"
-             "\tChannel Map: %s\n"
-             "\tOwner Module: %u\n"
-             "\tMute: %s\n"
-             "\tVolume: %s\n"
-             "\t        balance %0.2f\n"
-             "\tBase Volume: %s\n"
-             "\tMonitor of Sink: %s\n"
-             "\tLatency: %0.0f usec, configured %0.0f usec\n"
-             "\tFlags: %s%s%s%s%s%s\n"
-             "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
-           i->index,
-           state_table[1+i->state],
-           i->name,
-           pa_strnull(i->description),
-           pa_strnull(i->driver),
-           pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec),
-           pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map),
-           i->owner_module,
-           pa_yes_no_localised(i->mute),
-           pa_cvolume_snprint_verbose(cv, sizeof(cv), &i->volume, &i->channel_map, i->flags & PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME),
-           pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map),
-           pa_volume_snprint_verbose(v, sizeof(v), i->base_volume, i->flags & PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME),
-           i->monitor_of_sink_name ? i->monitor_of_sink_name : _("n/a"),
-           (double) i->latency, (double) i->configured_latency,
-           i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HARDWARE ? "HARDWARE " : "",
-           i->flags & PA_SOURCE_NETWORK ? "NETWORK " : "",
-           i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HW_MUTE_CTRL ? "HW_MUTE_CTRL " : "",
-           i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HW_VOLUME_CTRL ? "HW_VOLUME_CTRL " : "",
-           i->flags & PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME ? "DECIBEL_VOLUME " : "",
-           i->flags & PA_SOURCE_LATENCY ? "LATENCY " : "",
-           pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+    char *channel_map = pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map);
+    float volume_balance = pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map);
+
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *latency_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(latency_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(latency_encoder, "actual", (double) i->latency, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(latency_encoder, "configured", (double) i->configured_latency, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(latency_encoder);
+        char* latency_json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(latency_encoder);
+
+        pa_json_encoder *flags_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(flags_encoder);
+        if (i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HARDWARE) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "HARDWARE");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SOURCE_NETWORK) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "NETWORK");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HW_MUTE_CTRL) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "HW_MUTE_CTRL");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HW_VOLUME_CTRL) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "HW_VOLUME_CTRL");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "DECIBEL_VOLUME");
+        if (i->flags & PA_SOURCE_LATENCY) pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(flags_encoder, "LATENCY");
+        pa_json_encoder_end_array(flags_encoder);
+        char* flags_json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(flags_encoder);
+
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "state", state_table[1+i->state]);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "description", i->description);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "channel_map", channel_map);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "owner_module", i->owner_module);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(encoder, "mute", i->mute);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "volume", pa_cvolume_to_json_object(&i->volume, &i->channel_map, i->flags & PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "balance", volume_balance, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "base_volume", pa_volume_to_json_object(i->base_volume, i->flags & PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "monitor_source", i->monitor_of_sink_name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "latency", latency_json_str);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "flags", flags_json_str);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "ports", pa_source_ports_to_json_array(i->ports));
+        i->active_port ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "active_port", i->active_port->name) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "active_port");
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "formats", pa_format_infos_to_json_array(i->formats, i->n_formats));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+        pa_xfree(latency_json_str);
+        pa_xfree(flags_json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Source #%u\n"
+                "\tState: %s\n"
+                "\tName: %s\n"
+                "\tDescription: %s\n"
+                "\tDriver: %s\n"
+                "\tSample Specification: %s\n"
+                "\tChannel Map: %s\n"
+                "\tOwner Module: %u\n"
+                "\tMute: %s\n"
+                "\tVolume: %s\n"
+                "\t        balance %0.2f\n"
+                "\tBase Volume: %s\n"
+                "\tMonitor of Sink: %s\n"
+                "\tLatency: %0.0f usec, configured %0.0f usec\n"
+                "\tFlags: %s%s%s%s%s%s\n"
+                "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
+            i->index,
+            state_table[1+i->state],
+            i->name,
+            pa_strnull(i->description),
+            pa_strnull(i->driver),
+            sample_spec,
+            channel_map,
+            i->owner_module,
+            pa_yes_no_localised(i->mute),
+            pa_cvolume_snprint_verbose(cv, sizeof(cv), &i->volume, &i->channel_map, i->flags & PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME),
+            volume_balance,
+            pa_volume_snprint_verbose(v, sizeof(v), i->base_volume, i->flags & PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME),
+            i->monitor_of_sink_name ? i->monitor_of_sink_name : _("n/a"),
+            (double) i->latency, (double) i->configured_latency,
+            i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HARDWARE ? "HARDWARE " : "",
+            i->flags & PA_SOURCE_NETWORK ? "NETWORK " : "",
+            i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HW_MUTE_CTRL ? "HW_MUTE_CTRL " : "",
+            i->flags & PA_SOURCE_HW_VOLUME_CTRL ? "HW_VOLUME_CTRL " : "",
+            i->flags & PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME ? "DECIBEL_VOLUME " : "",
+            i->flags & PA_SOURCE_LATENCY ? "LATENCY " : "",
+            pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+
+        if (i->ports) {
+            pa_source_port_info **p;
+
+            printf(_("\tPorts:\n"));
+            for (p = i->ports; *p; p++)
+                printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (type: %s, priority: %u%s%s, %s)\n"),
+                        (*p)->name, (*p)->description, get_device_port_type((*p)->type),
+                        (*p)->priority, (*p)->availability_group ? _(", availability group: ") : "",
+                        (*p)->availability_group ?: "", get_available_str((*p)->available));
+        }
+
+        if (i->active_port)
+            printf(_("\tActive Port: %s\n"),
+                i->active_port->name);
+
+        if (i->formats) {
+            uint8_t j;
+
+            printf(_("\tFormats:\n"));
+            for (j = 0; j < i->n_formats; j++)
+                printf("\t\t%s\n", pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->formats[j]));
+        }
+    }
 
     pa_xfree(pl);
-
-    if (i->ports) {
-        pa_source_port_info **p;
-
-        printf(_("\tPorts:\n"));
-        for (p = i->ports; *p; p++)
-            printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (type: %s, priority: %u%s%s, %s)\n"),
-                    (*p)->name, (*p)->description, get_device_port_type((*p)->type),
-                    (*p)->priority, (*p)->availability_group ? _(", availability group: ") : "",
-                    (*p)->availability_group ?: "", get_available_str((*p)->available));
-    }
-
-    if (i->active_port)
-        printf(_("\tActive Port: %s\n"),
-               i->active_port->name);
-
-    if (i->formats) {
-        uint8_t j;
-
-        printf(_("\tFormats:\n"));
-        for (j = 0; j < i->n_formats; j++)
-            printf("\t\t%s\n", pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->formats[j]));
-    }
 }
 
 static void get_module_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_module_info *i, int is_last, void *userdata) {
     char t[32];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get module information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         quit(1);
@@ -536,33 +927,64 @@ static void get_module_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_module_info *i, int
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("modules");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
     pa_snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%u", i->n_used);
 
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t\n", i->index, i->name, i->argument ? i->argument : "");
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "argument", i->argument);
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t\n", i->index, i->name, i->argument ? i->argument : "");
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Module #%u\n"
-             "\tName: %s\n"
-             "\tArgument: %s\n"
-             "\tUsage counter: %s\n"
-             "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
-           i->index,
-           i->name,
-           i->argument ? i->argument : "",
-           i->n_used != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a"),
-           pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+    char *n_used = i->n_used != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a");
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "argument", i->argument);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "usage_counter", n_used);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Module #%u\n"
+                "\tName: %s\n"
+                "\tArgument: %s\n"
+                "\tUsage counter: %s\n"
+                "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
+            i->index,
+            i->name,
+            i->argument ? i->argument : "",
+            n_used,
+            pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+
+    }
 
     pa_xfree(pl);
 }
@@ -571,6 +993,11 @@ static void get_client_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_client_info *i, int
     char t[32];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get client information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         quit(1);
@@ -578,42 +1005,165 @@ static void get_client_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_client_info *i, int
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("clients");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
     pa_snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%u", i->owner_module);
 
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%s\t%s\n",
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, PA_PROP_APPLICATION_PROCESS_BINARY, pa_proplist_gets(i->proplist, PA_PROP_APPLICATION_PROCESS_BINARY));
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%s\t%s\n",
                i->index,
                pa_strnull(i->driver),
                pa_strnull(pa_proplist_gets(i->proplist, PA_PROP_APPLICATION_PROCESS_BINARY)));
+        }
         return;
+    } else {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            i->driver ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "driver");
+            i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "owner_module", t) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "owner_module");
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf(_("Client #%u\n"
+                "\tDriver: %s\n"
+                "\tOwner Module: %s\n"
+                "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
+                i->index,
+                pa_strnull(i->driver),
+                i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a"),
+                pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+        }
     }
 
-    printf(_("Client #%u\n"
-             "\tDriver: %s\n"
-             "\tOwner Module: %s\n"
-             "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
-           i->index,
-           pa_strnull(i->driver),
-           i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a"),
-           pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
-
     pa_xfree(pl);
 }
 
+const char* pa_card_profile_info_2_to_json_object(pa_card_profile_info2 **profiles2) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!profiles2) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    pa_card_profile_info2 **p;
+
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+    for (p = profiles2; *p; p++) {
+        pa_json_encoder *info_json_2_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(info_json_2_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(info_json_2_encoder, "description", (*p)->description);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(info_json_2_encoder, "sinks", (*p)->n_sinks);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(info_json_2_encoder, "sources", (*p)->n_sources);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(info_json_2_encoder, "priority", (*p)->priority);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(info_json_2_encoder, "available", (*p)->available);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(info_json_2_encoder);
+
+        char *info_json_2_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(info_json_2_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, (*p)->name, info_json_2_str);
+        pa_xfree(info_json_2_str);
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+const char* pa_card_profile_info_to_json_array(pa_card_profile_info **info) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!info) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    pa_card_profile_info **p;
+
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(encoder);
+    for (p = info; *p; p++) {
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_string(encoder, (*p)->name);
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_array(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
+const char* pa_card_port_info_to_json_object(pa_card_port_info **info) {
+    pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+    if (!info) {
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+        return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+    }
+
+    pa_card_port_info **p;
+    char *pl;
+
+    pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+    for (p = info; *p; p++) {
+        pa_card_profile_info **pr = (*p)->profiles;
+
+        char* latency_offset_str = pa_sprintf_malloc("%"PRId64" usec", (*p)->latency_offset);
+        pa_json_encoder *port_info_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(port_info_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(port_info_encoder, "description", (*p)->description);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(port_info_encoder, "type", get_device_port_type((*p)->type));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(port_info_encoder, "priority", (*p)->priority);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(port_info_encoder, "latency_offset", latency_offset_str);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(port_info_encoder, "availability_group", (*p)->availability_group);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(port_info_encoder, "availability", get_available_str((*p)->available));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(port_info_encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object((*p)->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(port_info_encoder, "profiles", pa_card_profile_info_to_json_array(pr));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(port_info_encoder);
+
+        char *port_info_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(port_info_encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, (*p)->name, port_info_str);
+        pa_xfree(port_info_str);
+        pa_xfree(latency_offset_str);
+        pa_xfree(pl);
+    }
+    pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+    return pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+}
+
 static void get_card_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_card_info *i, int is_last, void *userdata) {
     char t[32];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get card information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         complete_action();
@@ -621,82 +1171,121 @@ static void get_card_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_card_info *i, int is_
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("cards");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
     pa_snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%u", i->owner_module);
 
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%s\t%s\n", i->index, i->name, pa_strnull(i->driver));
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%s\t%s\n", i->index, i->name, pa_strnull(i->driver));
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Card #%u\n"
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+        i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "owner_module", t) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "owner_module");
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "profiles", i->n_profiles > 0 ? pa_card_profile_info_2_to_json_object(i->profiles2) : "{}");
+        i->active_profile ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "active_profile", i->active_profile->name) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "active_profile");
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "ports", pa_card_port_info_to_json_object(i->ports));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Card #%u\n"
              "\tName: %s\n"
              "\tDriver: %s\n"
              "\tOwner Module: %s\n"
              "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
-           i->index,
-           i->name,
-           pa_strnull(i->driver),
-           i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a"),
-           pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+            i->index,
+            i->name,
+            pa_strnull(i->driver),
+            i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a"),
+            pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
 
-    pa_xfree(pl);
+        if (i->n_profiles > 0) {
+            pa_card_profile_info2 **p;
 
-    if (i->n_profiles > 0) {
-        pa_card_profile_info2 **p;
+            printf(_("\tProfiles:\n"));
+            for (p = i->profiles2; *p; p++)
+                printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (sinks: %u, sources: %u, priority: %u, available: %s)\n"), (*p)->name,
+                    (*p)->description, (*p)->n_sinks, (*p)->n_sources, (*p)->priority, pa_yes_no_localised((*p)->available));
+        }
 
-        printf(_("\tProfiles:\n"));
-        for (p = i->profiles2; *p; p++)
-            printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (sinks: %u, sources: %u, priority: %u, available: %s)\n"), (*p)->name,
-                (*p)->description, (*p)->n_sinks, (*p)->n_sources, (*p)->priority, pa_yes_no_localised((*p)->available));
-    }
+        if (i->active_profile)
+            printf(_("\tActive Profile: %s\n"),
+                i->active_profile->name);
 
-    if (i->active_profile)
-        printf(_("\tActive Profile: %s\n"),
-               i->active_profile->name);
+        if (i->ports) {
+            pa_card_port_info **p;
 
-    if (i->ports) {
-        pa_card_port_info **p;
+            printf(_("\tPorts:\n"));
+            for (p = i->ports; *p; p++) {
+                pa_card_profile_info **pr = (*p)->profiles;
+                printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (type: %s, priority: %u, latency offset: %" PRId64 " usec%s%s, %s)\n"), (*p)->name,
+                    (*p)->description, get_device_port_type((*p)->type), (*p)->priority, (*p)->latency_offset,
+                    (*p)->availability_group ? _(", availability group: ") : "", (*p)->availability_group ?: "",
+                    get_available_str((*p)->available));
 
-        printf(_("\tPorts:\n"));
-        for (p = i->ports; *p; p++) {
-            pa_card_profile_info **pr = (*p)->profiles;
-            printf(_("\t\t%s: %s (type: %s, priority: %u, latency offset: %" PRId64 " usec%s%s, %s)\n"), (*p)->name,
-                (*p)->description, get_device_port_type((*p)->type), (*p)->priority, (*p)->latency_offset,
-                (*p)->availability_group ? _(", availability group: ") : "", (*p)->availability_group ?: "",
-                get_available_str((*p)->available));
-
-            if (!pa_proplist_isempty((*p)->proplist)) {
-                printf(_("\t\t\tProperties:\n\t\t\t\t%s\n"), pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep((*p)->proplist, "\n\t\t\t\t"));
-                pa_xfree(pl);
-            }
-
-            if (pr) {
-                printf(_("\t\t\tPart of profile(s): %s"), pa_strnull((*pr)->name));
-                pr++;
-                while (*pr) {
-                    printf(", %s", pa_strnull((*pr)->name));
-                    pr++;
+                if (!pa_proplist_isempty((*p)->proplist)) {
+                    pa_xfree(pl);
+                    printf(_("\t\t\tProperties:\n\t\t\t\t%s\n"), pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep((*p)->proplist, "\n\t\t\t\t"));
+                }
+
+                if (pr) {
+                    printf(_("\t\t\tPart of profile(s): %s"), pa_strnull((*pr)->name));
+                    pr++;
+                    while (*pr) {
+                        printf(", %s", pa_strnull((*pr)->name));
+                        pr++;
+                    }
+                    printf("\n");
                 }
-                printf("\n");
             }
         }
     }
+
+    pa_xfree(pl);
 }
 
 static void get_sink_input_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_input_info *i, int is_last, void *userdata) {
     char t[32], k[32], s[PA_SAMPLE_SPEC_SNPRINT_MAX], cv[PA_CVOLUME_SNPRINT_VERBOSE_MAX], cm[PA_CHANNEL_MAP_SNPRINT_MAX], f[PA_FORMAT_INFO_SNPRINT_MAX];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get sink input information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         quit(1);
@@ -704,30 +1293,77 @@ static void get_sink_input_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_input_info
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("sink_inputs");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
     pa_snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%u", i->owner_module);
     pa_snprintf(k, sizeof(k), "%u", i->client);
 
+    char *sample_spec = pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec);
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "sink", i->sink);
+            i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "client", k) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "client");
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
                i->index,
                i->sink,
                i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? k : "-",
                pa_strnull(i->driver),
-               pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec));
+               sample_spec);
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Sink Input #%u\n"
+    char *channel_map = pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map);
+    char *format_info = pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->format);
+    float balance = pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map);
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+        i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "owner_module", t) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "owner_module");
+        i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "client", k) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "client");
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "sink", i->sink);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "channel_map", channel_map);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "format", format_info);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(encoder, "corked", i->corked);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(encoder, "mute", i->mute);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "volume", pa_cvolume_to_json_object(&i->volume, &i->channel_map, true));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "balance", balance, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "buffer_latency_usec", (double) i->buffer_usec, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "sink_latency_usec", (double) i->sink_usec, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "resample_method", i->resample_method);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Sink Input #%u\n"
              "\tDriver: %s\n"
              "\tOwner Module: %s\n"
              "\tClient: %s\n"
@@ -748,17 +1384,18 @@ static void get_sink_input_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sink_input_info
            i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a"),
            i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? k : _("n/a"),
            i->sink,
-           pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec),
-           pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map),
-           pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->format),
+           sample_spec,
+           channel_map,
+           format_info,
            pa_yes_no_localised(i->corked),
            pa_yes_no_localised(i->mute),
            pa_cvolume_snprint_verbose(cv, sizeof(cv), &i->volume, &i->channel_map, true),
-           pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map),
+           balance,
            (double) i->buffer_usec,
            (double) i->sink_usec,
            i->resample_method ? i->resample_method : _("n/a"),
            pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+    }
 
     pa_xfree(pl);
 }
@@ -767,6 +1404,11 @@ static void get_source_output_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_source_outpu
     char t[32], k[32], s[PA_SAMPLE_SPEC_SNPRINT_MAX], cv[PA_CVOLUME_SNPRINT_VERBOSE_MAX], cm[PA_CHANNEL_MAP_SNPRINT_MAX], f[PA_FORMAT_INFO_SNPRINT_MAX];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get source output information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         quit(1);
@@ -774,30 +1416,77 @@ static void get_source_output_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_source_outpu
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("source_outputs");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
     pa_snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%u", i->owner_module);
     pa_snprintf(k, sizeof(k), "%u", i->client);
 
+    char *sample_spec = pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec);
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "source", i->source);
+            i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "client", k) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "client");
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%u\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
                i->index,
                i->source,
                i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? k : "-",
                pa_strnull(i->driver),
-               pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec));
+               sample_spec);
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Source Output #%u\n"
+    char *channel_map = pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map);
+    char *format_info = pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->format);
+    float balance = pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map);
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "driver", i->driver);
+        i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "owner_module", t) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "owner_module");
+        i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "client", k) : pa_json_encoder_add_member_null(encoder, "client");
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "source", i->source);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "channel_map", channel_map);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "format", format_info);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(encoder, "corked", i->corked);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(encoder, "mute", i->mute);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "volume", pa_cvolume_to_json_object(&i->volume, &i->channel_map, true));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "balance", balance, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "buffer_latency_usec", (double) i->buffer_usec, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "source_latency_usec", (double) i->source_usec, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "resample_method", i->resample_method);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Source Output #%u\n"
              "\tDriver: %s\n"
              "\tOwner Module: %s\n"
              "\tClient: %s\n"
@@ -818,17 +1507,18 @@ static void get_source_output_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_source_outpu
            i->owner_module != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? t : _("n/a"),
            i->client != PA_INVALID_INDEX ? k : _("n/a"),
            i->source,
-           pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec),
-           pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map),
-           pa_format_info_snprint(f, sizeof(f), i->format),
+           sample_spec,
+           channel_map,
+           format_info,
            pa_yes_no_localised(i->corked),
            pa_yes_no_localised(i->mute),
            pa_cvolume_snprint_verbose(cv, sizeof(cv), &i->volume, &i->channel_map, true),
-           pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map),
+           balance,
            (double) i->buffer_usec,
            (double) i->source_usec,
            i->resample_method ? i->resample_method : _("n/a"),
            pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+    }
 
     pa_xfree(pl);
 }
@@ -837,6 +1527,11 @@ static void get_sample_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sample_info *i, int
     char t[PA_BYTES_SNPRINT_MAX], s[PA_SAMPLE_SPEC_SNPRINT_MAX], cv[PA_CVOLUME_SNPRINT_VERBOSE_MAX], cm[PA_CHANNEL_MAP_SNPRINT_MAX];
     char *pl;
 
+    if (format == JSON && json_encoder == NULL) {
+        json_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_array(json_encoder);
+    }
+
     if (is_last < 0) {
         pa_log(_("Failed to get sample information: %s"), pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(c)));
         quit(1);
@@ -844,28 +1539,69 @@ static void get_sample_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sample_info *i, int
     }
 
     if (is_last) {
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder_end_array_handler("samples");
+        }
         complete_action();
         return;
     }
 
     pa_assert(i);
 
-    if (nl && !short_list_format)
+    if (nl && !short_list_format && format == TEXT)
         printf("\n");
     nl = true;
 
     pa_bytes_snprint(t, sizeof(t), i->bytes);
 
+    char *sample_spec = pa_sample_spec_valid(&i->sample_spec) ? pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec) : short_list_format ? "-" : _("n/a");
+    double duration = (double) i->duration/1000000.0;
     if (short_list_format) {
-        printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t%0.3f\n",
+        if (format == JSON) {
+            pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "duration", duration, 3);
+            pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+            char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+            pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+            pa_xfree(json_str);
+        } else {
+            printf("%u\t%s\t%s\t%0.3f\n",
                i->index,
                i->name,
-               pa_sample_spec_valid(&i->sample_spec) ? pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec) : "-",
-               (double) i->duration/1000000.0);
+               sample_spec,
+               duration);
+        }
         return;
     }
 
-    printf(_("Sample #%u\n"
+    char *channel_map = pa_sample_spec_valid(&i->sample_spec) ? pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map) : _("n/a");
+    float balance = pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map);
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", i->index);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "name", i->name);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "sample_specification", sample_spec);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "channel_map", channel_map);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "volume", pa_cvolume_to_json_object(&i->volume, &i->channel_map, true));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "balance", balance, 2);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_double(encoder, "duration", duration, 3);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "size", t);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_bool(encoder, "lazy", i->lazy);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "filename", i->filename);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_raw_json(encoder, "properties", pl = pa_proplist_to_json_object(i->proplist));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_element_raw_json(json_encoder, json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Sample #%u\n"
              "\tName: %s\n"
              "\tSample Specification: %s\n"
              "\tChannel Map: %s\n"
@@ -878,15 +1614,16 @@ static void get_sample_info_callback(pa_context *c, const pa_sample_info *i, int
              "\tProperties:\n\t\t%s\n"),
            i->index,
            i->name,
-           pa_sample_spec_valid(&i->sample_spec) ? pa_sample_spec_snprint(s, sizeof(s), &i->sample_spec) : _("n/a"),
-           pa_sample_spec_valid(&i->sample_spec) ? pa_channel_map_snprint(cm, sizeof(cm), &i->channel_map) : _("n/a"),
+           sample_spec,
+           channel_map,
            pa_cvolume_snprint_verbose(cv, sizeof(cv), &i->volume, &i->channel_map, true),
-           pa_cvolume_get_balance(&i->volume, &i->channel_map),
-           (double) i->duration/1000000.0,
+           balance,
+           duration,
            t,
            pa_yes_no_localised(i->lazy),
            i->filename ? i->filename : _("n/a"),
            pl = pa_proplist_to_string_sep(i->proplist, "\n\t\t"));
+    }
 
     pa_xfree(pl);
 }
@@ -908,7 +1645,18 @@ static void index_callback(pa_context *c, uint32_t idx, void *userdata) {
         return;
     }
 
-    printf("%u\n", idx);
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", idx);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        printf("%s", json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf("%u\n", idx);
+    }
 
     complete_action();
 }
@@ -921,7 +1669,18 @@ static void send_message_callback(pa_context *c, int success, char *response, vo
         return;
     }
 
-    printf("%s\n", response);
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "response", response);
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        printf("%s", json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf("%s\n", response);
+    }
 
     complete_action();
 }
@@ -938,6 +1697,14 @@ static void list_handlers_callback(pa_context *c, int success, char *response, v
         return;
     }
 
+    // The response is already JSON encoded
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        printf("%s\n", response);
+        fflush(stdout);
+        complete_action();
+        return;
+    }
+
     o = pa_json_parse(response);
 
     if (!o) {
@@ -975,9 +1742,9 @@ static void list_handlers_callback(pa_context *c, int success, char *response, v
             break;
         }
 
-        if (short_list_format)
+        if (short_list_format) {
             printf("%s\n", pa_json_object_get_string(path));
-        else {
+        } else {
             if (nl)
                 printf("\n");
             nl = true;
@@ -1424,10 +2191,23 @@ static const char *subscription_event_facility_to_string(pa_subscription_event_t
 static void context_subscribe_callback(pa_context *c, pa_subscription_event_type_t t, uint32_t idx, void *userdata) {
     pa_assert(c);
 
-    printf(_("Event '%s' on %s #%u\n"),
+    if (format == JSON) {
+        pa_json_encoder *encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+        pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(encoder);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_int(encoder, "index", idx);
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "event", subscription_event_type_to_string(t));
+        pa_json_encoder_add_member_string(encoder, "on", subscription_event_facility_to_string(t));
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(encoder);
+
+        char* json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(encoder);
+        printf("%s", json_str);
+        pa_xfree(json_str);
+    } else {
+        printf(_("Event '%s' on %s #%u\n"),
            subscription_event_type_to_string(t),
            subscription_event_facility_to_string(t),
            idx);
+    }
     fflush(stdout);
 }
 
@@ -1497,6 +2277,11 @@ static void context_state_callback(pa_context *c, void *userdata) {
                         else
                             pa_assert_not_reached();
                     } else {
+                        if (format == JSON) {
+                            list_encoder = pa_json_encoder_new();
+                            pa_json_encoder_begin_element_object(list_encoder);
+                        }
+
                         o = pa_context_get_module_info_list(c, get_module_info_callback, NULL);
                         if (o) {
                             pa_operation_unref(o);
@@ -1868,6 +2653,7 @@ static void help(const char *argv0) {
     printf(_("\n"
              "  -h, --help                            Show this help\n"
              "      --version                         Show version\n\n"
+             "  -f, --format=FORMAT                   The format of the output. Either \"normal\" or \"json\"\n"
              "  -s, --server=SERVER                   The name of the server to connect to\n"
              "  -n, --client-name=NAME                How to call this client on the server\n"));
 }
@@ -1879,11 +2665,12 @@ enum {
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     pa_mainloop *m = NULL;
     int ret = 1, c;
-    char *server = NULL, *bn;
+    char *server = NULL, *opt_format = NULL, *bn;
 
     static const struct option long_options[] = {
         {"server",      1, NULL, 's'},
         {"client-name", 1, NULL, 'n'},
+        {"format",      1, NULL, 'f'},
         {"version",     0, NULL, ARG_VERSION},
         {"help",        0, NULL, 'h'},
         {NULL,          0, NULL, 0}
@@ -1898,7 +2685,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
     proplist = pa_proplist_new();
 
-    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+s:n:h", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
+    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+s:n:f:h", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
         switch (c) {
             case 'h' :
                 help(bn);
@@ -1920,6 +2707,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 server = pa_xstrdup(optarg);
                 break;
 
+            case 'f':
+                opt_format = pa_xstrdup(optarg);
+                break;
+
             case 'n': {
                 char *t;
 
@@ -1940,6 +2731,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         }
     }
 
+    if (!opt_format || pa_streq(opt_format, "text")) {
+        format = TEXT;
+    } else if (pa_streq(opt_format, "json")) {
+        format = JSON;
+    } else {
+        pa_log(_("Invalid format value '%s'"), opt_format);
+        goto quit;
+    }
+
     if (optind < argc) {
         if (pa_streq(argv[optind], "stat")) {
             action = STAT;
@@ -2430,6 +3230,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         goto quit;
     }
 
+    if (format == JSON && list_encoder && !pa_json_encoder_is_empty(list_encoder)) {
+        pa_json_encoder_end_object(list_encoder);
+        char* list_json_str = pa_json_encoder_to_string_free(list_encoder);
+        printf("%s", list_json_str);
+        pa_xfree(list_json_str);
+    }
+
 quit:
     if (sample_stream)
         pa_stream_unref(sample_stream);