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Documentation Updates
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doc/spa-pod.dox
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doc/spa-pod.dox
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@ -3,52 +3,54 @@
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\ref spa_pod (plain old data) is a sort of data container. It is comparable to
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DBus Variant or LV2 Atom.
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A POD can express nested structures of Objects (with properties), Vectors,
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Arrays, sequences and various primitives types. All information in the POD
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A POD can express nested structures of objects (with properties), vectors,
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arrays, sequences and various primitives types. All information in the POD
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is laid out sequentially in memory and can be written directly to
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storage or exchanged between processes or threads without additional
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marshalling.
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Each POD is made of a 32 bits size followed by a 32 bits type field,
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followed by the pod contents. This makes it possible to skip over unknown
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followed by the POD contents. This makes it possible to skip over unknown
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POD types. The POD start is always aligned to 8 bytes.
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PODs can be efficiently constructed and parsed in real-time threads without
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POD's can be efficiently constructed and parsed in real-time threads without
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requiring memory allocations.
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PODs use the SPA type system for the basic types and containers. See
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POD's use the SPA type system for the basic types and containers. See
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the SPA types for more info.
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## Types
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PODs can contain a number of basic SPA types:
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# Types
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- `SPA_TYPE_None`: no value or a NULL pointer.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Bool`: a boolean value
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- `SPA_TYPE_Id`: an enumerated value
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- `SPA_TYPE_Int`, `SPA_TYPE_Long`, `SPA_TYPE_Float`, `SPA_TYPE_Double`:
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- various numeral types, 32 and 64 bits.
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- `SPA_TYPE_String`: a string
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- `SPA_TYPE_Bytes`: a byte array
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- `SPA_TYPE_Rectangle`: a rectangle with width and height
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- `SPA_TYPE_Fraction`: a fraction with numerator and denominator
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- `SPA_TYPE_Bitmap`: an array of bits
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POD's can contain a number of basic SPA types:
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PODs can be grouped together in these container types:
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- `SPA_TYPE_None`: No value or a NULL pointer.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Bool`: A boolean value.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Id`: An enumerated value.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Int`, `SPA_TYPE_Long`, `SPA_TYPE_Float`, `SPA_TYPE_Double`:
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various numeral types, 32 and 64 bits.
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- `SPA_TYPE_String`: A string.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Bytes`: A byte array.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Rectangle`: A rectangle with width and height.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Fraction`: A fraction with numerator and denominator.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Bitmap`: An array of bits.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Array`: an array of equal sized objects
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- `SPA_TYPE_Struct`: a collection of types and objects
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- `SPA_TYPE_Object`: an object with properties
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- `SPA_TYPE_Sequence`: a timed sequence of PODs
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POD's can be grouped together in these container types:
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PODs can also contain some extra types:
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- `SPA_TYPE_Array`: An array of equal sized objects.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Struct`: A collection of types and objects.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Object`: An object with properties.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Sequence`: A timed sequence of POD's.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Pointer`: a typed pointer in memory
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- `SPA_TYPE_Fd`: a file descriptor
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- `SPA_TYPE_Choice`: a choice of values
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- `SPA_TYPE_Pod`: a generic type for the POD itself
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POD's can also contain some extra types:
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# Constructing a POD
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- `SPA_TYPE_Pointer`: A typed pointer in memory.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Fd`: A file descriptor.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Choice`: A choice of values.
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- `SPA_TYPE_Pod`: A generic type for the POD itself.
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# Constructing A POD
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A POD is usually constructed with a `struct spa_pod_builder`. The builder
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needs to be initialized with a memory region to write into. It is
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@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ not require any memory allocations. The size of the POD can be
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estimated pretty easily and if the buffer is not large enough, an
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appropriate error will be generated.
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The code fragment below initializes a pod builder to write into
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The code fragment below initializes a POD builder to write into
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the stack allocated buffer.
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\code{.c}
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@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ pod = spa_pod_builder_pop(&b, &f);
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`spa_pod_builder_pop()` returns a reference to the object we completed
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on the stack.
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## Using varargs builder.
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## Using varargs Builder
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We can also use the following construct to make POD objects:
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@ -116,10 +118,10 @@ pod = spa_pod_builder_add_struct(&b,
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SPA_POD_Float(3.1415f));
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\endcode
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It's not possible to use the varargs builder to make a Sequence or
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Array, use the normal builder methods for that.
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It's not possible to use the varargs builder to make a sequence or
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array, use the normal builder methods for that.
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## Making objects
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## Making Objects
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POD objects are containers for properties and are comparable to JSON
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objects.
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@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ spa_pod_builder_push_object(&b, &f, SPA_TYPE_OBJECT_Props, SPA_PARAM_Props);
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\endcode
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An object requires an object type (`SPA_TYPE_OBJECT_Props`) and a context
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id (`SPA_PARAM_Props`). The object type defines the properties that can be
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ID (`SPA_PARAM_Props`). The object type defines the properties that can be
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added to the object and their meaning. The SPA type system allows you to
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make this connection (See the type system).
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@ -163,23 +165,23 @@ pod = spa_pod_builder_add_object(&b,
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SPA_PROP_frequency, SPA_POD_Float(440.0f));
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\endcode
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## Choice values
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## Choice Values
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It is possible to express ranges or enumerations of possible
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values for properties (and to some extend structs). This is achieved
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with Choice values.
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with choice values.
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Choice values are really just a choice type and an array of choice values
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(of the same type). Depending on the choice type, the array values are
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interpreted in different ways:
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* `SPA_CHOICE_None`: no choice, first value is current
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* `SPA_CHOICE_Range`: range: default, min, max
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* `SPA_CHOICE_Step`: range with step: default, min, max, step
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* `SPA_CHOICE_Enum`: enum: default, alternative,...
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* `SPA_CHOICE_Flags`: bitmask of flags
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- `SPA_CHOICE_None`: No choice, first value is current.
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- `SPA_CHOICE_Range`: Range: default, min, max.
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- `SPA_CHOICE_Step`: Range with step: default, min, max, step.
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- `SPA_CHOICE_Enum`: Enum: default, alternative,...
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- `SPA_CHOICE_Flags`: Bitmask of flags.
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Let's illustrate this with a Props object that specifies a range of
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Let's illustrate this with a props object that specifies a range of
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possible values for the frequency:
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\code{.c}
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@ -195,8 +197,8 @@ pod = spa_pod_builder_pop(&b, &f2);
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pod = spa_pod_builder_pop(&b, &f);
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\endcode
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As you can see, first push the choice as a Range, then the values. A Range
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choice expects at least 3 values, the default value, minimum and maximum
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As you can see, first push the choice as a range, then the values. A range
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choice expects at least three values, the default value, minimum and maximum
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values. There is a shortcut for this as well using varargs:
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\code{.c}
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@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ pod = spa_pod_builder_add_object(&b,
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SPA_PROP_frequency, SPA_POD_CHOICE_RANGE_Float(440.0f, 110.0f, 880.0f));
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\endcode
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## Choice examples
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## Choice Examples
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This is a description of a possible `SPA_TYPE_OBJECT_Format` as used when
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enumerating allowed formats (`SPA_PARAM_EnumFormat`) in SPA objects:
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@ -253,16 +255,17 @@ pod = spa_pod_builder_add_object(&b,
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SPA_FORMAT_AUDIO_channels, SPA_POD_Int(2));
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\endcode
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# Parsing a POD
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Parsing a POD usually consists of
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# Parsing A POD
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* validating if raw bytes + size can contain a valid pod
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* inspecting the type of a pod
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* looping over the items in an object or struct
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* getting data out of PODs.
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Parsing a POD usually consists of:
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## Validating bytes
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- Validating if raw bytes + size can contain a valid POD.
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- Inspecting the type of a POD.
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- Looping over the items in an object or struct.
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- Getting data out of POD's.
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## Validating Bytes
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Use `spa_pod_from_data()` to check if maxsize of bytes in data contain
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a POD at the size bytes starting at offset. This function checks that
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@ -273,7 +276,7 @@ struct spa_pod *pod;
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pod = spa_pod_from_data(data, maxsize, offset, size);
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\endcode
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## Checking the type of POD
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## Checking The Type Of POD
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Use one of `spa_pod_is_bool()`, `spa_pod_is_int()`, etc to check
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for the type of the pod. For simple (non-container) types,
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`spa_pod_is_object_type()` can be used to check if the POD contains
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an object of the expected type.
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## Struct fields
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## Struct Fields
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To iterate over the fields of a Struct use:
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To iterate over the fields of a struct use:
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\code{.c}
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struct spa_pod *pod, *obj;
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@ -294,7 +297,7 @@ SPA_POD_STRUCT_FOREACH(obj, pod) {
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}
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\endcode
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For parsing Structs it is usually much easier to use the parser
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For parsing structs it is usually much easier to use the parser
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below.
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## Object Properties
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@ -363,7 +366,7 @@ And finally exit the container again:
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spa_pod_parser_pop(&p, &f);
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\endcode
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## Parser with variable arguments
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## Parser With Variable Arguments
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In most cases, parsing objects is easier with the variable argument
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functions. The parse function look like the mirror image of the builder
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SPA_FORMAT_AUDIO_channels, SPA_POD_OPT_Int(&channels));
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\endcode
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It is not possible to parse a Sequence or Array with the parser.
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It is not possible to parse a sequence or array with the parser.
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Use the iterator for this.
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## Choice values
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## Choice Values
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The parser will handle Choice values as long as they are of type
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None. It will then parse the single value from the choice. When
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The parser will handle choice values as long as they are of type
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`none`. It will then parse the single value from the choice. When
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dealing with other choice values, it's possible to parse the
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property values into a `struct spa_pod` and then inspect the Choice
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property values into a `struct spa_pod` and then inspect the choice
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manually, if needed.
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Here is an example of parsing the format values as a POD:
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\endcode
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`spa_pod_get_values()` is a useful function. It returns a
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`struct spa_pod*` with and array of values. For normal PODs
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and Choice None values, it simply returns the POD and 1 value.
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For other Choice values it returns the Choice type and an array
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`struct spa_pod*` with and array of values. For normal POD's
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and choice none values, it simply returns the POD and one value.
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For other choice values it returns the choice type and an array
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of values:
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\code{.c}
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}
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\endcode
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# Filter
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Given 2 pod objects of the same type (Object, Struct, ..) one can
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run a filter and generate a new pod that only contains values that
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are compatible with both input pods.
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Given two POD objects of the same type (object, struct, ..) one can
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run a filter and generate a new POD that only contains values that
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are compatible with both input POD's.
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This is, for example, used to find a compatible format between two ports.
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As an example we can run a filter on two simple PODs:
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As an example we can run a filter on two simple POD's:
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\code{.c}
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pod = spa_pod_builder_add_object(&b,
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@ -511,7 +515,7 @@ result = spa_pod_builder_add_object(&b,
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SPA_FORMAT_AUDIO_format, SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S16);
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\endcode
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# POD layout
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# POD Layout
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Each POD has a 32 bits size field, followed by a 32 bits type field. The size
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field specifies the size following the type field.
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