config: tweak.surface-bit-depth: add support for 16-bit surfaces

This adds supports for 16-bit surfaces, using the new
PIXMAN_a16b16g16r16 buffer format. This maps to
WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR16161616 (little-endian).

Use the new 16-bit surfaces by default, when
gamma-correct-blending=yes.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
   - solarized
 * `regex-copy`/`show-urls-copy` will copy and paste the selected text if the hint
   is completed with an uppercase character ([#1975][1975]).
+* `16-bit` to `tweak.surface-bit-depth`. Makes foot use 16-bit image
+  buffers. They provide the necessary color precision required by
+  `gamma-correct-blending=yes`.
 
 [2025]: https://codeberg.org/dnkl/foot/issues/2025
 [1975]: https://codeberg.org/dnkl/foot/issues/1975
@@ -98,6 +101,8 @@
 * OSC-11 without an alpha value will now restore the configured
   (i.e. from `foot.ini`) alpha, rather than keeping whatever the
   current alpha value is, unchanged.
+* `gamma-correct-blending=yes` now defaults to `16-bit` image buffers,
+  instead of `10-bit`.
 
 
 ### Deprecated

config.c

@@ -2809,12 +2809,19 @@ parse_section_tweak(struct context *ctx)
 
     else if (streq(key, "surface-bit-depth")) {
         _Static_assert(sizeof(conf->tweak.surface_bit_depth) == sizeof(int),
-            "enum is not 32-bit");
+                       "enum is not 32-bit");
 
+#if defined(HAVE_PIXMAN_RGBA_16)
+        return value_to_enum(
+                ctx,
+                (const char *[]){"auto", "8-bit", "10-bit", "16-bit", NULL},
+                (int *)&conf->tweak.surface_bit_depth);
+#else
         return value_to_enum(
                 ctx,
                 (const char *[]){"auto", "8-bit", "10-bit", NULL},
                 (int *)&conf->tweak.surface_bit_depth);
+#endif
     }
 
     else {

config.h

@@ -198,7 +198,8 @@ enum which_color_theme {
 enum shm_bit_depth {
     SHM_BITS_AUTO,
     SHM_BITS_8,
-    SHM_BITS_10
+    SHM_BITS_10,
+    SHM_BITS_16,
 };
 
 struct config {

doc/foot.ini.5.scd

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ empty string to be set, but it must be quoted: *KEY=""*)
 	Compared to the default (disabled), bright glyphs on a dark
 	background will appear thicker, and dark glyphs on a light
 	background will appear thinner.
-
+	
 	FreeType can limit the effect of the latter, with a technique
 	called stem darkening. It is only available for CFF fonts
 	(OpenType, .otf) and disabled by default (in FreeType). You can
@@ -221,12 +221,13 @@ empty string to be set, but it must be quoted: *KEY=""*)
 	font designer set the font weight based on incorrect rendering.
 	
 	In order to represent colors faithfully, higher precision image
-	buffers are required. By default, foot will use 10-bit color
-	channels, if available, when gamma-correct blending is
-	enabled. However, the high precision buffers are slow; if you want
-	to use gamma-correct blending, but prefer speed (throughput and
-	input latency) over accurate colors, you can force 8-bit color
-	channels by setting *tweak.surface-bit-depth=8-bit*.
+	buffers are required. By default, foot will use either 16-bit, or
+	10-bit color channels, depending on availability, when
+	gamma-correct blending is enabled. However, the high precision
+	buffers are slow; if you want to use gamma-correct blending, but
+	prefer speed (throughput and input latency) over accurate colors,
+	you can force 8-bit color channels by setting
+	*tweak.surface-bit-depth=8-bit*.
 	
 	Default: _no_.
 
@@ -2023,7 +2024,7 @@ any of these options.
 
 *surface-bit-depth*
 	Selects which RGB bit depth to use for image buffers. One of
-	*auto*, *8-bit*, or *10-bit*.
+	*auto*, *8-bit*, *10-bit* or *16-bit*.
 	
 	*auto* chooses bit depth depending on other settings, and
 	availability.
@@ -2033,12 +2034,14 @@ any of these options.
 	
 	*10-bit* uses 10 bits for each RGB channel, and 2 bits for the
 	alpha channel. Thus, it provides higher precision color channels,
-	but a lower precision alpha channel. It is the default when
-	*gamma-correct-blending=yes*, if supported by the compositor.
+	but a lower precision alpha channel.
 	
-	Note that *10-bit* is much slower than *8-bit*; if you want to use
-	gamma-correct blending, and if you prefer speed (throughput and
-	input latency) over accurate colors, you can set
+	*16-bit* 16 bits for each color channel, alpha included. If
+	available, this is the default when *gamma-correct-blending=yes*.
+	
+	Note that both *10-bit* and *16-bit* are much slower than *8-bit*;
+	if you want to use gamma-correct blending, and if you prefer speed
+	(throughput and input latency) over accurate colors, you can set
 	*surface-bit-depth=8-bit* explicitly.
 	
 	Default: _auto_

meson.build

@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ if utf8proc.found()
   add_project_arguments('-DFOOT_GRAPHEME_CLUSTERING=1', language: 'c')
 endif
 
+if pixman.version().version_compare('>=0.46.0')
+  add_project_arguments('-DHAVE_PIXMAN_RGBA_16', language: 'c')
+endif
+
 tllist = dependency('tllist', version: '>=1.1.0', fallback: 'tllist')
 fcft = dependency('fcft', version: ['>=3.3.1', '<4.0.0'], fallback: 'fcft')
 

shm.c

@@ -338,7 +338,10 @@ get_new_buffers(struct buffer_chain *chain, size_t count,
     size_t total_size = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         stride[i] = stride_for_format_and_width(
-            with_alpha ? PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8 : PIXMAN_x8r8g8b8, widths[i]);
+            with_alpha
+                ? chain->pixman_fmt_with_alpha
+                : chain->pixman_fmt_without_alpha,
+            widths[i]);
         sizes[i] = stride[i] * heights[i];
         total_size += sizes[i];
     }
@@ -981,8 +984,38 @@ shm_chain_new(struct wayland *wayl, bool scrollable, size_t pix_instances,
     enum wl_shm_format shm_fmt_with_alpha = WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888;
 
     static bool have_logged = false;
+    static bool have_logged_10_fallback = false;
 
-    if (desired_bit_depth == SHM_BITS_10) {
+#if defined(HAVE_PIXMAN_RGBA_16)
+    static bool have_logged_16_fallback = false;
+
+    if (desired_bit_depth == SHM_BITS_16) {
+        if (wayl->shm_have_abgr161616 && wayl->shm_have_xbgr161616) {
+            pixman_fmt_without_alpha = PIXMAN_a16b16g16r16;
+            shm_fmt_without_alpha = WL_SHM_FORMAT_XBGR16161616;
+
+            pixman_fmt_without_alpha = PIXMAN_a16b16g16r16;
+            shm_fmt_with_alpha = WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR16161616;
+
+            if (!have_logged) {
+                have_logged = true;
+                LOG_INFO("using 16-bit BGR surfaces");
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!have_logged_16_fallback) {
+                have_logged_16_fallback = true;
+
+                LOG_WARN(
+                    "16-bit surfaces requested, but compositor does not "
+                    "implement ABGR161616+XBGR161616");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (desired_bit_depth >= SHM_BITS_10 &&
+        pixman_fmt_with_alpha == PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8)
+    {
         if (wayl->shm_have_argb2101010 && wayl->shm_have_xrgb2101010) {
             pixman_fmt_without_alpha = PIXMAN_x2r10g10b10;
             shm_fmt_without_alpha = WL_SHM_FORMAT_XRGB2101010;
@@ -1010,13 +1043,13 @@ shm_chain_new(struct wayland *wayl, bool scrollable, size_t pix_instances,
         }
 
         else {
-            if (!have_logged) {
-                have_logged = true;
+            if (!have_logged_10_fallback) {
+                have_logged_10_fallback = true;
 
                 LOG_WARN(
                     "10-bit surfaces requested, but compositor does not "
                     "implement ARGB2101010+XRGB2101010, or "
-                    "ABGR2101010+XBGR2101010. Falling back to 8-bit surfaces");
+                    "ABGR2101010+XBGR2101010");
             }
         }
     } else  {
@@ -1063,7 +1096,11 @@ shm_chain_bit_depth(const struct buffer_chain *chain)
 {
     const pixman_format_code_t fmt = chain->pixman_fmt_with_alpha;
 
-    return (fmt == PIXMAN_a2r10g10b10 || fmt == PIXMAN_a2b10g10r10)
-        ? SHM_BITS_10
-        : SHM_BITS_8;
+    return fmt == PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8
+        ? SHM_BITS_8
+#if defined(HAVE_PIXMAN_RGBA_16)
+        : fmt == PIXMAN_a16b16g16r16
+            ? SHM_BITS_16
+#endif
+        : SHM_BITS_10;
 }

sixel.c

@@ -113,7 +113,18 @@ sixel_init(struct terminal *term, int p1, int p2, int p3)
     term->sixel.linear_blending = wayl_do_linear_blending(term->wl, term->conf);
     term->sixel.pixman_fmt = PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8;
 
-    if (term->conf->tweak.surface_bit_depth == SHM_BITS_10) {
+    /*
+     * Use higher-precision sixel surfaces if we're using
+     * higher-precision window surfaces.
+     *
+     * This is to a) get more accurate colors when doing gamma-correct
+     * blending, and b) use the same pixman format as the main
+     * surfaces, for (hopefully) better performance.
+     *
+     * For now, don't support 16-bit surfaces (too much sixel logic
+     * that assumes 32-bit pixels).
+     */
+    if (shm_chain_bit_depth(term->render.chains.grid) >= SHM_BITS_10) {
         if (term->wl->shm_have_argb2101010 && term->wl->shm_have_xrgb2101010) {
             term->sixel.use_10bit = true;
             term->sixel.pixman_fmt = PIXMAN_a2r10g10b10;

terminal.c

@@ -1082,7 +1082,11 @@ reload_fonts(struct terminal *term, bool resize_grid)
          * an a2r10g0b10 type of surface, since we need more than 2
          * bits for alpha.
          */
+#if defined(HAVE_PIXMAN_RGBA_16)
+        options->color_glyphs.format = PIXMAN_a16b16g16r16;
+#else
         options->color_glyphs.format = PIXMAN_rgba_float;
+#endif
     }
 
     struct fcft_font *fonts[4];
@@ -1259,7 +1263,7 @@ term_init(const struct config *conf, struct fdm *fdm, struct reaper *reaper,
 
     const enum shm_bit_depth desired_bit_depth =
         conf->tweak.surface_bit_depth == SHM_BITS_AUTO
-            ? wayl_do_linear_blending(wayl, conf) ? SHM_BITS_10 : SHM_BITS_8
+            ? wayl_do_linear_blending(wayl, conf) ? SHM_BITS_16 : SHM_BITS_8
             : conf->tweak.surface_bit_depth;
 
     const struct color_theme *theme = NULL;

wayland.c

@@ -244,6 +244,8 @@ shm_format(void *data, struct wl_shm *wl_shm, uint32_t format)
     case WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB2101010: wayl->shm_have_argb2101010 = true; break;
     case WL_SHM_FORMAT_XBGR2101010: wayl->shm_have_xbgr2101010 = true; break;
     case WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR2101010: wayl->shm_have_abgr2101010 = true; break;
+    case WL_SHM_FORMAT_XBGR16161616: wayl->shm_have_xbgr161616 = true; break;
+    case WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR16161616: wayl->shm_have_abgr161616 = true; break;
     }
 
 #if defined(_DEBUG)

wayland.h

@@ -496,6 +496,8 @@ struct wayland {
     bool shm_have_xrgb2101010:1;
     bool shm_have_abgr2101010:1;
     bool shm_have_xbgr2101010:1;
+    bool shm_have_abgr161616:1;
+    bool shm_have_xbgr161616:1;
 };
 
 struct wayland *wayl_init(