diff --git a/output.c b/output.c
index 862911e..84b61aa 100644
--- a/output.c
+++ b/output.c
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ output_for_each_surface_iterator(struct wlr_surface *surface, int sx, int sy, vo
 	data->user_iterator(data->output, surface, &box, data->user_data);
 }
 
-static void
+void
 output_surface_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wlr_surface *surface,
 				double ox, double oy, cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator,
 				void *user_data)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ output_surface_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wlr_surface *su
 	wlr_surface_for_each_surface(surface, output_for_each_surface_iterator, &data);
 }
 
-void
+static void
 output_view_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct cg_view *view,
 			     cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data)
 {
@@ -132,6 +132,49 @@ output_view_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct cg_view *view,
 	view_for_each_surface(view, output_for_each_surface_iterator, &data);
 }
 
+void
+output_view_for_each_popup(struct cg_output *output, struct cg_view *view,
+			   cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data)
+{
+	struct surface_iterator_data data = {
+		.user_iterator = iterator,
+		.user_data = user_data,
+		.output = output,
+		.ox = view->lx,
+		.oy = view->ly,
+	};
+
+	wlr_output_layout_output_coords(output->server->output_layout, output->wlr_output, &data.ox, &data.oy);
+	view_for_each_popup(view, output_for_each_surface_iterator, &data);
+}
+
+void
+output_drag_icons_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wl_list *drag_icons,
+				   cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data)
+{
+	struct cg_drag_icon *drag_icon;
+	wl_list_for_each(drag_icon, drag_icons, link) {
+		if (drag_icon->wlr_drag_icon->mapped) {
+			double ox = drag_icon->lx;
+			double oy = drag_icon->ly;
+			wlr_output_layout_output_coords(output->server->output_layout, output->wlr_output, &ox, &oy);
+			output_surface_for_each_surface(output, drag_icon->wlr_drag_icon->surface,
+				ox, oy, iterator, user_data);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+output_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data)
+{
+	struct cg_view *view;
+	wl_list_for_each_reverse(view, &output->server->views, link) {
+		output_view_for_each_surface(output, view, iterator, user_data);
+	}
+
+	output_drag_icons_for_each_surface(output, &output->server->seat->drag_icons, iterator, user_data);
+}
+
 struct send_frame_done_data {
 	struct timespec when;
 };
@@ -187,33 +230,6 @@ output_damage_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wlr_surface *surface,
 	output_surface_for_each_surface(output, surface, ox, oy, damage_surface_iterator, &whole);
 }
 
-void
-output_drag_icons_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wl_list *drag_icons,
-				   cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data)
-{
-	struct cg_drag_icon *drag_icon;
-	wl_list_for_each(drag_icon, drag_icons, link) {
-		if (drag_icon->wlr_drag_icon->mapped) {
-			double ox = drag_icon->lx;
-			double oy = drag_icon->ly;
-			wlr_output_layout_output_coords(output->server->output_layout, output->wlr_output, &ox, &oy);
-			output_surface_for_each_surface(output, drag_icon->wlr_drag_icon->surface,
-				ox, oy, iterator, user_data);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static void
-output_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data)
-{
-	struct cg_view *view;
-	wl_list_for_each_reverse(view, &output->server->views, link) {
-		output_view_for_each_surface(output, view, iterator, user_data);
-	}
-
-	output_drag_icons_for_each_surface(output, &output->server->seat->drag_icons, iterator, user_data);
-}
-
 static void
 handle_output_damage_frame(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
 {
diff --git a/output.h b/output.h
index 608f762..081c9fd 100644
--- a/output.h
+++ b/output.h
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ struct cg_output {
 typedef void (*cg_surface_iterator_func_t)(struct cg_output *output, struct wlr_surface *surface, struct wlr_box *box, void *user_data);
 
 void handle_new_output(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
-void output_view_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct cg_view *view, cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data);
+void output_surface_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wlr_surface *surface,
+				double ox, double oy, cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator,
+				void *user_data);
+void output_view_for_each_popup(struct cg_output *output, struct cg_view *view, cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data);
 void output_drag_icons_for_each_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wl_list *drag_icons, cg_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *user_data);
 void output_damage_surface(struct cg_output *output, struct wlr_surface *surface, double lx, double ly, bool whole);
 void output_set_window_title(struct cg_output *output, const char *title);
diff --git a/render.c b/render.c
index b75ad7d..c222b8f 100644
--- a/render.c
+++ b/render.c
@@ -115,8 +115,32 @@ render_view_toplevels(struct cg_view *view, struct cg_output *output, pixman_reg
 	struct render_data data = {
 		.damage = damage,
 	};
+	double ox = view->lx;
+	double oy = view->ly;
+	wlr_output_layout_output_coords(output->server->output_layout, output->wlr_output, &ox, &oy);
+	output_surface_for_each_surface(output, view->wlr_surface, ox, oy,
+					render_surface_iterator, &data);
+}
 
-	output_view_for_each_surface(output, view, render_surface_iterator, &data);
+static void
+render_popup_iterator(struct cg_output *output, struct wlr_surface *surface,
+		      struct wlr_box *box, void *data)
+{
+	/* Render this popup's surface. */
+	render_surface_iterator(output, surface, box, data);
+
+	/* Render this popup's child toplevels. */
+	output_surface_for_each_surface(output, surface, box->x, box->y,
+					render_surface_iterator, data);
+}
+
+static void
+render_view_popups(struct cg_view *view, struct cg_output *output, pixman_region32_t *damage)
+{
+	struct render_data data = {
+		.damage = damage,
+	};
+	output_view_for_each_popup(output, view, render_popup_iterator, &data);
 }
 
 void
@@ -151,8 +175,11 @@ output_render(struct cg_output *output, pixman_region32_t *damage)
 	struct cg_view *view;
 	wl_list_for_each_reverse(view, &server->views, link) {
 		render_view_toplevels(view, output, damage);
-		// TODO: popups on top view, possibly use focused view for this
-		// TODO: render only top view, possibly use focused view for this
+	}
+
+	struct cg_view *focused_view = seat_get_focus(server->seat);
+	if (focused_view) {
+		render_view_popups(focused_view, output, damage);
 	}
 
 	render_drag_icons(output, damage, &server->seat->drag_icons);
diff --git a/view.c b/view.c
index e22ab04..b19248b 100644
--- a/view.c
+++ b/view.c
@@ -197,6 +197,15 @@ view_for_each_surface(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator
 	view->impl->for_each_surface(view, iterator, data);
 }
 
+void
+view_for_each_popup(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *data)
+{
+	if (!view->impl->for_each_popup) {
+		return;
+	}
+	view->impl->for_each_popup(view, iterator, data);
+}
+
 void
 view_unmap(struct cg_view *view)
 {
diff --git a/view.h b/view.h
index ffbd364..1da861c 100644
--- a/view.h
+++ b/view.h
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ struct cg_view_impl {
 	void (*destroy)(struct cg_view *view);
 	void (*for_each_surface)(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator,
 				 void *data);
+	void (*for_each_popup)(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator,
+			       void *data);
 	struct wlr_surface *(*wlr_surface_at)(struct cg_view *view, double sx, double sy,
 					      double *sub_x, double *sub_y);
 };
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ void view_damage_whole(struct cg_view *view);
 void view_activate(struct cg_view *view, bool activate);
 void view_position(struct cg_view *view);
 void view_for_each_surface(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *data);
+void view_for_each_popup(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *data);
 void view_unmap(struct cg_view *view);
 void view_map(struct cg_view *view, struct wlr_surface *surface);
 void view_destroy(struct cg_view *view);
diff --git a/xdg_shell.c b/xdg_shell.c
index 3334082..4c6d0ee 100644
--- a/xdg_shell.c
+++ b/xdg_shell.c
@@ -222,6 +222,13 @@ for_each_surface(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, voi
 	wlr_xdg_surface_for_each_surface(xdg_shell_view->xdg_surface, iterator, data);
 }
 
+static void
+for_each_popup(struct cg_view *view, wlr_surface_iterator_func_t iterator, void *data)
+{
+	struct cg_xdg_shell_view *xdg_shell_view = xdg_shell_view_from_view(view);
+	wlr_xdg_surface_for_each_popup(xdg_shell_view->xdg_surface, iterator, data);
+}
+
 static struct wlr_surface *
 wlr_surface_at(struct cg_view *view, double sx, double sy, double *sub_x, double *sub_y)
 {
@@ -297,6 +304,7 @@ static const struct cg_view_impl xdg_shell_view_impl = {
 	.maximize = maximize,
 	.destroy = destroy,
 	.for_each_surface = for_each_surface,
+	.for_each_popup = for_each_popup,
 	.wlr_surface_at = wlr_surface_at,
 };
 
diff --git a/xwayland.c b/xwayland.c
index 7d82fb5..180a194 100644
--- a/xwayland.c
+++ b/xwayland.c
@@ -180,6 +180,8 @@ static const struct cg_view_impl xwayland_view_impl = {
 	.maximize = maximize,
 	.destroy = destroy,
 	.for_each_surface = for_each_surface,
+	/* XWayland doesn't have a separate popup iterator. */
+	.for_each_popup = NULL,
 	.wlr_surface_at = wlr_surface_at,
 };